Improving Vocabulary Word Origins and Root Words

Literacy Do Now My Brain Hurts Step 1. Watch the short video about how the brain works. Step 2. Take notes (shorthand) while watching the video. Step 3. Write a paragraph (5-8 sentences) response to the video. Sample Topic Sentence- While watching the short video about how the brain works I learned many interesting facts about my own brain.

C & C Practice Essay Step 1. Working INDEPENDENTLY…… Step 2. Decide upon 2 topics, items, people, events, things, or objects you will compare and contrast. Step 3. Check with me if the 2 things you chose are appropriate. Step 4. Complete a Venn Diagram OR Comparison Chart before you begin writing. Step 5. Next, choose a structure for your C & C Essay– Block Method or Point-by-Point Method. Use the handout! Step 6. Begin writing your C & C Essay. It is due by the end of the period. Good Luck!

Literacy Do Now Word Ladder (created by me because I have not typed yours up yet)

Literacy Do Now Creative Writing Finish C & C Quiz First. Then write a well developed paragraph (5-8 sentences) describing what you think the mystery object is. Topic Sentence: Today’s Literacy Do Now is a creative writing do now. I think the mystery object is ______________.

**Answer** American double inkwell. It is in the style commonly referred to as Snail inks, where the glass well can be rotated open in the metal stand to reveal the ink, and then rotated closed to seal it and keep the ink from evaporating. RPDP Secondary Literacy

Book of the Month Sketch Liar, Liar by Gary Paulsen When You Reach Me by Rebecca Stead

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Literacy Do Now Word Ladder Created By Vanna & Grace RPDP Secondary Literacy Target WordLetter ChangesClue Template -3Eat on this Not on time Past tense of eat rearrangePut in mouth +2You give dogs this -2,+1Opposite of sloppy Change 2To jump You run these in track -1,+3A device used to surf the web

Students will identify common Greek and Latin roots in selected words. Students will recognize these roots in words families. Students will apply knowledge of roots to determine word meaning in selected passages.

RPDP Secondary Literacy

RPDP Secondary Literacy

No Internet because there are no computers! No video games either!

RPDP Secondary Literacy No homework assignments! No big reports to write! No books to read! No newspapers – not even the sports!

RPDP Secondary Literacy No words for any of your favorite songs – just music!

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Why do different languages share similar words for the same things?

RPDP Secondary Literacy study of etymology. The answers to these questions lie in the study of etymology. origins of words This is the study of the origins of words and how they evolved over time.

RPDP Secondary Literacy The word etymology is derived from the Greek etumos which means real or true. The ending ‘ology’ suggests the study or science of something, as in biology or geology. That is the etymology of etymology.

RPDP Secondary Literacy What is etymology? Here is an example: The Ancient Greek word hippos means horse. And potamus means river. Hippopotamus literally means river horse.

RPDP Secondary Literacy Malaria n. Infectious disease characterized by chills and fever caused by the bite of an infected mosquito. This word comes from the mediaeval Italian mal (=bad) and aria (=air)

RPDP Secondary Literacy What do you have in common with Julius Caesar? JuliusCaesar/tvminiseries/c.2002

RPDP Secondary Literacy Let ’ s think about this for a minute. Have you ever been - A dictator of a great empire? A Roman general? A close friend of Cleopatra? Captured by pirates and held for ransom? Had your name become an actual title? Had any coins bearing your likeness ?

RPDP Secondary Literacy Did you answer yes to any of these questions?

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RPDP Secondary Literacy Photo © I1996 IncWell WORDS. The answer is WORDS. You have probably spoken hundreds, maybe even thousands, of the same words as both Caesar.

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RPDP Secondary Literacy Latin was the language of ancient Rome. As the Romans conquered Europe, the Latin language spread. Since England was part of the Roman Empire for close to 400 years, Latin was its written language.

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RPDP Secondary Literacy English did not develop only from Latin. Early English was the language of tribes who invaded England from the East, from what is now Germany. This tells us why words in German and English are often similar.

RPDP Secondary Literacy In the 11 th century, when the French invaded England, many French words were also introduced. Over time, many more words were introduced into English from other European countries.

RPDP Secondary Literacy For hundreds of years after the fall of the Roman Empire, Latin was the language of education and knowledge in Europe. This explains why so many terms we use connected with knowledge, religion, or education are of Latin origin.

RPDP Secondary Literacy During the 17th and 18th centuries, dictionary writers and grammarians felt that English was an imperfect language and Latin was perfect. To improve the English language, they made up many English words from Latin roots.

RPDP Secondary Literacy They used Greek roots also since Greek was considered the language of the arts. The Greeks were the first Europeans to use an alphabet, to theorize about language, and to frame language categories.

RPDP Secondary Literacy a part of a word the part that carries the most meaning often called a base word when it’s a complete word by itself usually not a word

RPDP Secondary Literacy Main part of word Must have at least one in a word In English, limited to two in a word Simple words have one root Compound words have two roots

RPDP Secondary Literacy Greek and Latin roots At least half of the words in the English language are derived from Greek and Latin roots. before Knowing these roots helps us understand the meaning of words before we look them up in the dictionary.

RPDP Secondary Literacy A base word is a word part that by itself is also a word: Partition has the base word part and means “to divide into parts.” part ition

RPDP Secondary Literacy hieroglyth A root is a word part that is used to form other words. A root by itself is usually not a word: Hieroglyph has the root word hiero and the root glyph. Hiero means “sacred” and glyph means “carving.” Hieroglyph means “a carved symbol in the sacred writing of ancient Egypt.”

RPDP Secondary Literacy If you want to learn 20 – 30 new words, you can spend time memorizing their definitions. But in a few days you’ll probably forget most of their meanings.

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The Latin root ‘port’ means to carry. Knowing the root can help you unlock the meaning of many related words with the same root.

RPDP Secondary Literacy porter portable importable import export exportable deport deportation important report reporter importer portage portfolio

RPDP Secondary Literacy A porter is a person employed to carry burdens, such as luggage. Important means great significance or value. Portable means easy to move or carry. Report means to carry back and repeat information.

RPDP Secondary Literacy See how easy it is when you know the root word ‘port’ means to carry?

RPDP Secondary Literacy Latin root Basic meaningExample words -dict-to saycontradict, dictate, diction, edict, predict -duc-to lead, bring, take deduce, produce, reduce -gress-to walkdigress, progress, transgress -ject-to throweject, inject, interject, project, reject, subject -pel-to drivecompel, dispel, impel, repel -pend-to hangappend, depend, impend, pendant, pendulum -port-to carrycomport, deport, export, import, report, support -scrib-, - script- to writedescribe, description, prescribe, prescription, subscribe, subscription, transcribe, transcription -tract-to pull, drag, draw attract, contract, detract, extract, protract, retract, traction -vert-to turnconvert, divert, invert, revert

RPDP Secondary Literacy Greek rootBasic meaningExample words -anthrop-humanmisanthrope, philanthropy, anthropomorphic -chron-timeanachronism, chronic, chronicle, synchronize, chronometer -dem-peopledemocracy, demography, demagogue, endemic, pandemic -morph-formamorphous, metamorphic, morphology -path-feeling, sufferingempathy, sympathy, apathy, apathetic, psychopathic -pedo-, -ped-child, childrenpediatrician, pedagogue -philo-, -phil-having a strong affinity or love for philanthropy, philharmonic, philosophy -phon-soundpolyphonic, cacophony, phonetics

RPDP Secondary Literacy The root ‘am’ means love or friend. Select the best meaning of the word friendly. A.amend B.ambition C.amicable D.ambush

RPDP Secondary Literacy The root ‘am’ means love or friend. Select the best meaning of the word friendly. A.amend B.ambition C.amicable D.ambush How did you do?

RPDP Secondary Literacy Y ou could have looked at the part of speech of friendly. You see a suffix ending. The – ly (meaning like) tells you this word must be an adjective or an adverb, both parts of speech used to describe someone or something. The suffix ending – able (meaning capable of) should also tell you this word is an adjective.

RPDP Secondary Literacy If you understand that there are two Latin roots that mean light: luc- and lum- you can begin to figure out some of the meanings of the words below. luminous lucid luminescent luminousness illuminate luminaria translucent illumination

RPDP Secondary Literacy The Latin roots ‘pod’ and ‘ped’ mean foot. Knowing this, you will be able to figure out the meanings of each of these words: podiatrist = treats foot ailments pedestrian = person who walks pedicure = care of the feet pedal = lever worked by the foot quadruped = animal with four feet

RPDP Secondary Literacy school.discovery.com/clipart/category/lang.html

RPDP Secondary Literacy It’s interesting that the word for friend in Spanish is amigo. Both English and Spanish share the same root: ‘am.’

RPDP Secondary Literacy Spanish is a language that evolved from Latin over the last 2,000 years. English borrowed thousands of words from Latin, many of them the same words that Spanish uses. Both languages have also borrowed many words from Greek.

RPDP Secondary Literacy EnglishSpanish familyfamilia centercentro radio classclase desertdesierto magicmagia gorillagorila

RPDP Secondary Literacy English words with the same base word or root word often have related meanings. When they do, they make up what’s called a word family. Knowing the meaning of the base word or root can help you figure out the meanings of the words in the family.

RPDP Secondary Literacy BASE WORD light en ment flood - year spot BASE WORD spect acle pro inor ator

RPDP Secondary Literacy Here’s another word family that shares the Latin root pos meaning to put or to place. pos itionim pos pro e trans e deit pos im e ture itive preition

RPDP Secondary Literacy im pos ition = a burden or unfair demand placed on someone im pos e = to place a burden or unfair demand pos ture = to put or place the body in a certain position de pos it = to put or set down; to place

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Let’s stop a minute for some educational trivia about Julius Caesar.

RPDP Secondary Literacy We ’ ll be combining prefixes and suffixes with root words to determine meaning.

RPDP Secondary Literacy Improving Vocabulary: Etymology Root Words Base Words Cognates Word Families

RPDP Secondary Literacy Permission is granted to copy (unmodified) all or part of this PowerPoint for educational, personal, non- commercial use off-line as long as the copyright message (Copyright © 2006 by Jill Leone) is maintained on the title page. This material may not be sold, duplicated on other websites, incorporated in commercial documents or products, or used for promotional purposes. Copyright © 2006 by Jill M. Leone Copyright Notice