The human body is made to move in many ways Quick and powerful Graceful & coordinated Sustained for many hours Quick movements-lasts a few seconds Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for several hours

The body uses different energy systems for each activity dependent upon the capacity to produce energy

The human body has three main systems for producing energy for our physical activity 1. Anaerobic Alactic 2. Anaerobic Lactic 3. Aerobic Cells in the body need energy to function FOOD=ENERGY (E)

 Each system works independently or in unison with the others depending on the type of activity we are doing  Each these systems provide the body with energy by producing ATP (energy currency)

 Cells don’t get Energy directly from food, it must be broken down into:  ATP- Adensosine TRI phosphate  ATP = a form of energy one can immediately use, it is needed for cells to function & muscles to contract

 Our body cant carry the amount of energy needed, so has systems in place to produce ATP  Our body uses food/fuel to help produce the ATP required for our bodies needs

 Glucose = Glycogen (muscle & liver)  Fatty Acids = Body fat  Amino Acids = Growth, repair or excreted as waste ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore the rest is stored as:

 ATP (2-3 seconds)  ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds)  Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes) Predominant Energy Pathways

Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes +)

ATP is stored in the muscle & liver for “Quick Energy” Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate & 1 Phosphate The splitting of the Phosphate bond = Energy for work  Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot stove, Jumping & Throwing ATP-CP Energy System

 For contractions to continue… ATP must be REBUILT  This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic)  When ATP is used – it is rebuilt – as long as there is CP  Energy released from CP breaking down, resynthesizes the ADP & P

 ATP-CP = 8-10 sec. of Energy  The usefulness isn’t the AMOUNT of Energy but the QUICK & POWERFUL movements  For longer periods of work = The Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy System must be utilized REMEMBER – only small amounts of ATP are stored = only 2-3 sec. of Energy

Without oxygen = Activities that require a large burst of energy over a short period of time Anaerobic Glycolysis = Production of ATP from Carbohydrates without oxygen (breakdown of glucose) Since glycogen is stored in the muscle & liver, it is available quickly  This system provides ATP when ATP-CP runs out Anaerobic Energy System

 1. The process to produce ATP is not as fast as ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction slower  2. When oxygen is not present the end product of glycolisis is lactic acid, which causes the muscles to fatigue  3. Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT is needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes Again, ATP-CP lasts for a few seconds, the Anaerobic Energy System allows for 2-3 minutes of work

 Glucose = 2ATP + 2LA (digested component of carbohydrates)  Glycogen = 3ATP + 2LA (the storage form of glucose) Without Oxygen

 Glucose + O2 = 36ATP + H2O + CO2  Fatty Acids + O2 = 129ATP  Body Fat is a great source of ENERGY With Oxygen

 Oxygen Deficit = The body can not supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles demand When the muscle does not get enough oxygen, exhaustion is reached causing immediate and involuntary reduction in intensity  Oxygen Debt = “pays back” the deficit recovery time

 aerobic Energy System  With Oxygen = Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time  Aerobic Glycolisis & Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates & Fat  1. O2 enters the system, stopping the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid

 2. With oxygen, glycogen breaks down into: ATP + CO2 + H20  3. These byproducts are easier to get rid of CO2 is expelled by the lungs H20 is used in the muscle  4. Anaerobic Energy System = Carbohydrates are the only fuel source  5. With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as exercise continues, FAT becomes predominant  6. Protein is not a main fuel source except in an emergency

 Each system plays an important role in energy production  This gives us a variety of movements  The systems interact to supply Energy for the activity