Dr. Lagoudas and Dr. Davis, Faculty Advisors Cindy Eppes – Westside Engineering and Geosciences Academy – Westside High School - HISD Dr. Lagoudas and Dr. Davis, Faculty Advisors Lesley Weitz, PhD Candidate

Shape Memory Alloys – SMA’s SMA’s are metals that remember their shape. Can recover apparent permanent strains when heated above a certain temperature. The two unique properties described above are made possible through a solid state phase change, that is a molecular rearrangement, which occurs in the shape memory alloy. Typically when one thinks of a phase change a solid to liquid or liquid to gas change is the first idea that comes to mind. A solid state phase change is similar in that a molecular rearrangement is occurring, but the molecules remain closely packed so that the substance remains a solid. In most shape memory alloys, a temperature change of only about 10°C is necessary to initiate this phase change. The two phases, which occur in shape memory alloys, are Martensite, and Austenite. Martensite, is the relatively soft and easily deformed phase of shape memory alloys, which exists at lower temperatures. The molecular structure in this phase is twinned which is the configuration shown in the middle of Figure 2. Upon deformation this phase takes on the second form shown in Figure 2, on the right. Austenite, the stronger phase of shape memory alloys, occurs at higher temperatures. The shape of the Austenite structure is cubic, the structure shown on the left side of Figure 2. The un-deformed Martensite phase is the same size and shape as the cubic Austenite phase on a macroscopic scale, so that no change in size or shape is visible in shape memory alloys until the Martensite is deformed.

Phase Transformation Martensite Low temperature phase Monoclinic Crystal Structure Austenite High temperature phase Cubic Crystal Structure

Video

Phase Transformation Effects Psuedo-elasticity effect Shape memory effect Eyeglass Frames Staples for clamping bone fractures Orthodontic Arches On-demand airflow Medical Tools Retractor for abdominal surgery Cell Phone Antennae Polymer coated Vascular Stent

Dynamics System for SMA Spring Testing

Spring Data Students will work in Excel with captured spring data from E3 work. Standard spring High stress spring Low stress spring

Spring Data

Problem/Project Based Lesson Westside Engineering and Geosciences Academy is focused on technology in the upstream portion of the petroleum value chain. Problem/Project will be taught across English, Biology, Geometry and Technology.

Pre/Post Test QuizStar

Student Background Engineering Camp week of August 4- 8 Team building – including ropes course Houston Museum of Natural Science – Weiss Hall Halliburton Real Time Center Schlumberger – Drilling Rig Training Facility Students will have studied the four basic steps in the design process in Technology Systems: Identifying the Problem Developing Design Solution Evaluating Design Solution Communicating Design Solution

Student Introduction Day 1 (Regular 50 minute class) Students will be introduced to the properties of SMA’s and their uses. (Regular 50 minute class) Class discussion of properties Video clips Live demonstration Day 2 (Regular 50 minute class) Students will break into groups and conduct mini research on applications of SMA’s. Students will present findings

Student Introduction Day 3/Day 4 (Block schedule 90 minute class) Students will be introduced to the two problems Video from Black Gold – two scenarios Valve not closed and drilling MUD poured out on platform Pressure build up in drilling pipe – possible blow out Materials PVC tubing Cardboard SMA springs and wire Assorted beans Duct tape Clamps Battery Foam tube

Pressure Release Materials Foam tube SMA wire Fence picket Pinto bean

Valve Materials PVC tube Pivot brace SMA wire Duct tape Cardboard Pinto beans

Assessment – Product

Assessment – Proof of Concept

Assessment - Presentation

Acknowledgements Dwight Look School of Engineering – TAMU E3 RET Program National Science Foundation Dr. D. Lagoudas and Dr. D. Davis, Aerospace Engineering Magda Lagoudas, Director Space Engineering Institute Lesley Weitz, PhD Candidate P. Kumar, PhD Candidate Agustin Maqui, Undergraduate