World War I Ends Identify the Allied powers and the Central Powers during the war. How did American involvement help the Allies win World War I?

Armistice Signing of the armistice Nov 11, 1918

Effects of the War Following the war: 5 million Allied and 8 million Central Power soldiers were dead Nearly 6.5 million civilians were dead Left to the peace makers to determine whether the results would justify the costs

President Wilson To President Wilson the war was about peace and freedom In a speech to Congress (Jan. 1918) Outlined America’s war aims Became known as the Fourteen Points Idea of “peace without victory” Inspired by noble ideas not greed and vengeance

Fourteen Points Wilson’s Ideas for Peace Open diplomacy Freedom of the seas, free trade End colonialism National self-determination Creation of a League of Nations However, Wilson’s plan did not inspire the other leaders-WHY NOT?

Peace Conference Vittorio Orlando Woodrow Wilson David Lloyd George Versailles, France Georges Clemenceau

Peace Conference What do you think their aims were at the peace conference? Which nations were not represented at the meeting, but were involved in WWI? With whom do you side?

Peace Talks Attitudes of the European leaders: Blamed Germany for starting the war Suffered more than did the United States Insisted that Germany pay reparations Prevent Germany from ever threatening Europe again Protect the existing colonial status Return the Alsace-Lorraine other German colonies to the British

League of Nations Wilson refused to compromise on the creation of the Delegates voted to make The League part of the treaty

Problems with the Peace National self-determination was violated Populations of Germans were now in non-German nations Break up of the Ottoman Empire created new states where ethnic groups were clustered together randomly

Focusing Questions What was the condition of Europe following World War I? What impact will this have on governments in Europe?

U.S. Foreign Policy Post-WWI U.S. Foreign policy during 1920s was largely shaped by reaction to WWI How did America react to the creation of League of Nations? Why? No previous war had been so deadly All nations agreed that a world war must never happen again American policy = anti-war

Avoid War USA helps to establish policies to prevent future war Washington Naval Disarmament (1921)- limit construction of warships to avoid arms race and naval rivalries Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)- Pact signed by 62 nations to “agree to not make war with each other” What were the problems with these policies that America helped to endorse to prevent war?

“Show me the $” War is a money maker for some America insisted that France and Britain pay back WWI war debts For this to happen, Germany had to pay reparations Dawes Plan (1924): American banks would loan money to Germany to pay reparations, which would allow France & Britain to pay America

War Debts By 1929, with the stock market crash, American $ was no longer loaned to Germany France & Britain stopped payment to America In the end, America was seen as heartless for making nations pay back war debts (no cost for human life)

U.S. Foreign Policy What type of foreign policy do you think the United States implement during the Great Depression? Do you think we wanted to focus on other nations or ourselves? Explain.