The Struggle Over Slavery Lesson 3

EQ: What were free states and slave states? Free State – state in which slavery was not allowed Slave State – state in which slavery was allowed states rights - the idea that states have the right to make decisions about issues that concern them.

EQ: What was the Missouri Compromise? In 1819 - 11 free states and 11 slave states. People of Missouri asked for statehood as a slave state, but this would make the power in the Senate uneven. Missouri Compromise *Missouri admitted as a slave state Maine was admitted as a free state Even 12 slave states and 12 free states New states north of the Missouri line would be free and south of the line would be slave state.

Missouri Compromise According to the Missouri Compromise, new states north of this line would be free states. New states south of this line would be slave states.

EQ: What was the Compromise of 1850? The balance of free and slave states was threatened again. California wanted statehood as a free state **The South allowed California to be a free state **The North agreed to Fugitive Slave Law The Fugitive Slave Law –escaped slaves had to be returned to their owners, even if they had reached Northern states where slavery was illegal.

Fugitive Slave Law

The Compromise of 1850 The compromise of 1850 was made to keep the North and the South from splitting apart over slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act – said that states had the right to vote for whether they became free or slave states. Nebraska was being split into two areas – Nebraska and Kansas. According to the terms of the Missouri Compromise, would Kansas/Nebraska have been free or slave? People from the North moved in to vote for a free state. People from the South moved in to vote for a slave state. There was so much fighting that Kansas became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

EQ: What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin? A Divided Country EQ: What was Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Uncle Tom’s Cabin – a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe also created tension between the North and South. It was a novel that described the cruelties of slavery and sold about 300,000 copies the first year it was published.

EQ: Who was John Brown? Events that further divided the North & South John Brown – 1859 – He led attacks on pro- slavery people in Kansas and made plans to attack slave owners in Virginia. To carry out his plan he tried to steal weapons from an arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, to attack slave owners.

Brown and 21 other men, black and white, started on their raid, but were stopped by soldiers. Brown was sentenced to be hanged.

Abraham Lincoln There were 2 major political parties – Democrat and Republican They battled over slavery and state’s rights. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephan Douglas for the state Senate in Illinois.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Lincoln wanted an end to slavery. Called “The Rail Splitter” because he split logs with an axe to make fence rails. Douglas believed each state should have the right to choose if it wants to allow slavery. States’ Rights Called the “Little Giant” because he was short, but a good speaker. The candidates made speeches and debated throughout Illinois.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Their debates become well-known because both candidates were such good speakers. Lincoln said, “If slavery is not wrong, then nothing is wrong….but I would not do anything to bring about a war between free and slave states.” Douglas said, “If each state will only agree to mind it’s own business….this republic can exist forever divided into free and slave states.”

Lincoln-Douglas Debates Douglas won, but Lincoln became the new leader of the Republican Party and within 2 years was their candidate for President.

Abraham Lincoln He was elected President in 1860. – 16th He ran against Stephan Douglas. Lincoln did not get any votes from the South and said, “We must not be enemies.”

Abraham Lincoln 1809-1865 Only attended school for a total of one year out of his life. Read anything he could get his hands on. One of his favorite books was a biography about George Washington. Throughout his life he educated himself by reading. He became a lawyer by studying law books. Elected President in 1860. Wrote the Emancipation Proclamation.

The First Shots Are Fired Lesson 4

EQ: What does it mean to secede? In December 1860 – South Carolina seceded from the United states. Secede – to break away from In 1861 – six more states seceded: Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas

EQ: What was the Confederacy? Those states that broke away formed their own government called The Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy. Adopted a new constitution – state’s rights and slavery. Elected Jefferson Davis, President Davis was also born in Kentucky, but lived on a plantation in Mississippi.

EQ: What was the Union? Lincoln was inaugurated on March 4th, 1861. By then, the Confederacy had taken control of most of the forts and military property of the United States in the South. The states that remained loyal to the United States of America were called the Union. Union – states loyal to the United States of America. Those that did not break away.

EQ: When did the Civil War officially begin? Fort Sumter was still under Union control in the harbor off Charleston, South Carolina. Jefferson Davis asks for surrender of Fort Sumter. The Union agreed to surrender if the Confederacy would wait 3 days. The Confederacy gave orders to fire on Fort Sumter if they did not surrender in 1 hour. They began firing on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861 at 4:30am and the Union surrendered the next day. Neither side lost any men.

Fort Sumter under Confederate Control Confederate Flag

Fort Sumter Now

Lincoln Called for Troops In response to the attack and surrender, Lincoln called for 75,000 men to put down the Confederate Rebellion. This angered the states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina and as a result they seceded and joined the Confederacy. There are now 11 states in the Confederacy and 23 in the Union.

EQ: What were border states? They were called border states. Border States – states located between the Union and Confederacy. Were slave states but remained loyal to the Union. Why do you think the border states stayed in the Union but would not provide soldiers to fight in the war?

Lincoln thought is was important to keep these states in the Union and therefore said that his main goal was to hold the United States together, NOT to abolish slavery.