1. Causes of the CIVIL WAR

2. Founding Documents Declaration of Independence “All men are created equal” “life, liberty and pursuit of happiness” Right to “alter or abolish” a government Constitution Legal framework for the US government 3/5ths Compromise No rights for slaves under the law States’ rights versus federal rights

3. Missouri Compromise Missouri and Maine both apply for statehood in 1820. The North and the South want to maintain the balance of power between free states and slave states. A compromise is reached making Maine a free state and Missouri a slave state. An imaginary line set at 36 30’ was drawn across the Louisiana purchase. North of that line, slavery was to be banned forever, except in Missouri. South of that line, slaveholding was permitted.

4. Nat Turner’s Rebellion In 1831 a slave named Nat Turner and six fellow slaves launched a slave rebellion. They killed 57 whites before Turner was captured and executed. As a result of this rebellion: Southerners tightened restrictions on slaves. Southerners lashed out at abolitionists, blaming them for Turner’s actions.

5. Compromise of 1850 When California applied for statehood, the balance between free states and slave states was once again threatened. Henry Clay proposed the Compromise of 1850 which stated: a)California would enter the country as a free state. b)Slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty (the vote of the people) in the Utah and New Mexico Territories. c)The slave trade (buying and selling slaves) would be banned in Washington D.C. but slavery was still permitted. d)A more strict fugitive slave law was put into effect.

6. Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 Required all citizens to aid in the capture of runaway slaves. Any person caught helping a fugitive slave could be fined a $1,000 dollars and put in jail for 6 months. Northerners, especially abolitionists strongly opposed the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850.

7. Uncle Tom’s Cabin In 1852, Harriet Beecher Stowe published a novel called Uncle Tom’s Cabin The book showed Americans the evils of slavery. Many join the abolitionist cause as a result.

8. Kansas Nebraska Act/ BLEEDING KANSAS This plan by Stephen Douglas was to split the rest of the Louisiana Purchase into 2 territories: Kansas and Nebraska. These territories would decide the question of slavery by popular sovereignty. Many slave owners from Missouri and other slave states crossed into Kansas to vote illegally. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups clash in what becomes known as bleeding Kansas.

9. The Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, traveled with his owner to Illinois (a free state) In 1846 he sued for his freedom claiming that living in Illinois for a time had made him a free man. Supreme Court ruled that: Blacks were not citizens and could not sue in court. Scott was someone’s property and could not be freed.

10. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates Newcomer Abraham Lincoln runs for the Illinois Senate against incumbent Stephen Douglas. Lincoln challenged Douglas to several debates, most of which focused on slavery. Lincoln argued that slavery was wrong and should not be allowed to expand. Douglas accused Lincoln of trying to abolish slavery. “Mr. Lincoln thinks the negro is his brother.” Lincoln lost this election but gained much popularity.

11. John Brown leaves Bleeding kansas where he is implicated in murder Abolitionist John Brown plans to start a slave uprising in the South. Brown’s group of 20 men took over the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia—they were going to arm slaves. Brown sent some of his men to recruit slaves to join the raid… No one came. Federal troops arrived and took back the arsenal, killing or capturing John Brown’s gang. John Brown was found guilty of treason and was executed. Many northerners considered him a hero who died for the freedom of the slaves and who pushed slavery onto center stage.

12. 1860 Presidential Election √ Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

13. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

14. Lincoln’s Election in 1860 Abraham Lincoln ran for president in 1860 against Democrats Douglas and Breckinridge and Constitutional Union Leader Bell. Lincoln won only 40% of the total vote and no southern states. The south was afraid that Lincoln would try to abolish slavery. Lincoln insisted he would not change slavery where it existed though he did say that slavery would have to end at some point. 4 days after the election, South Carolina’s legislature voted to secede and left the US to form their own country known as the Confederate States of America, CSA. 11 slave states secede: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, North Carolina, Arkansas, Virginia and Tennessee (border states). 4 slave states stay with the Union: Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky and Maryland.

15. Secession!

16. Attack on Fort Sumter, SC April 12, 1861 – WAR!!!

17. CIVIL WAR Confederacy South Gray Leader – Jefferson Davis Military – Robert E Lee Union North Blue Leader – Abraham Lincoln Military – Ulysses S Grant Nearly 4 years of vicious fighting 620,000 dead Staggering damage to the country, people and infrastructure RESULTS