© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Reaching the Audience

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Self-Centered Speaker Focus on self

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Audience-Centered Speaker Focus on audience

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Analyzing and Adapting Analyze Adapt

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Analyzing and Adapting Analyze Adapt What do listeners know about ice packs as first aid?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Getting Information about the Audience Interviews

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Getting Information about the Audience Surveys

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Gender

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Age

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Educational background

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Occupation

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Religious affiliation

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Economic and social status

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity International Listeners Respect taboos Approval? Or insult?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity International Listeners Learn nonverbal signals Evasive? Or respectful?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity America’s Diverse Cultures Avoid ethnocentrism Are arranged marriages superior?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity America’s Diverse Cultures Learn expectations and viewpoints

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities The best resource

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who have mobility impairments

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who are deaf or hearing-impaired

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who are blind or visually impaired

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Audiences that know a lot about the topic 

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Audiences that know little or nothing about the topic 

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Mixed audiences 

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Excited?Indifferent?

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Interest level Assess with a survey Create interest

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Attitudes toward the goal Unfavorable Neutral Favorable

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Attitudes toward the speaker Attitudes toward the occasion

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Time limit

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Purpose of the event

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Audience size

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adapting during the Speech

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tips for Your Career

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.1 Develop a Positive Attitude Toward Each Audience

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.2 Work Closely with Interpreters

© 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.3 Be Prepared to Trim Your Remarks