Monday, September 12th Bell Work: Identify the “building blocks” in the structures below. C A B

Macromolecules

Organic Compounds Compounds that contain CARBON are called organic. This is different from organic foods in the grocery store. Compounds that do not contain CARBON are called inorganic.

Organic Compounds Macromolecules are large organic molecules. Bio-molecules are the macromolecules of life

Carbon (C) Carbon has 4 outer electrons Carbon can form covalent bonds with as many as 4 other atoms (elements). Usually with C, H, O or N. Example: CH4(methane)

Macromolecules Large organic molecules. Video! Large organic molecules. Also called POLYMERS. (poly = many) Made up of smaller “building blocks” called MONOMERS. (mono = one) 4 Major Macromolecules/Bio-molecules: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules to large sugar molecules. Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Building Block: monosaccharide Types of Carbs A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. polysaccharide

Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit aka: simple sugars Examples: glucose (C6H12O6) deoxyribose ribose Fructose Galactose glucose

Carbohydrates Disaccharide: two sugar units Examples: Sucrose (glucose + fructose) Lactose (glucose + galactose) Maltose (glucose + glucose) glucose

Carbohydrates Polysaccharide: many sugar units Examples: starch (bread, potatoes) glycogen (beef muscle) cellulose (lettuce, corn) glucose cellulose

Functions of Carbohydrates Broken down as a source of energy Part of cell structure

Carbohydrates Starches: serves as plant energy storage (think potatoes) Glucose monomers joined together, branched Glycogen: serves as animal energy storage Glucose monomers joined together, straight Cellulose: structural component in plants Cannot be broken down by humans

Carbohydrates Video!

Tuesday, September 13th Bell Work: The term “organic” refers to Compounds that form multiple bonds Compounds that are healthy and contain no preservatives Compounds that contain carbon Compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon The four classes of macromolecules are made up of building blocks called Polymers Monomers Carbon bases Carbohydrates

Tuesday, September 13th Carbohydrates are made up of __________, ____________, and ____________ in a __:__:__ ratio. Provide an example of a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide.

Review from Monday Be ready to answer a question from Monday’s worksheet about carbohydrates!

Vocabulary Lipid Organic Fatty acid Inorganic Glycerol Building block Glyceride Protein Amino acid Dipeptide Polypeptide Nucleic acid Nucleotide Organic Inorganic Building block Monomer Polymer Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Disaccharide Polysaccharide

Lipids

DO NOT EAT THE LAB SAMPLES! Lipid Lab Brown Paper Bag Lab You and a partner will move around the room to collect samples. For each food item you will smear a sample on your brown paper bag. Leave your bag on the back counter once you have finished collecting samples. DO NOT EAT THE LAB SAMPLES!

LIPIDS BUILDING BLOCK: FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL ELEMENTS: C H O (NO RATIO but there will be more C’s and H’s)

FATTY ACID AND GLYCEROL H H-C----O glycerol fatty acid O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 =

Lipids General term for compounds which are not soluble in water. (non-polar) LIPIDS ARE SOLUBLE IN NONPOLAR SUBSTANCES----DO NOT DISSOLVE IN POLAR SUBSTANCES (ex: OIL/WATER) Lipids are soluble in hydrophobic solvents. (phobic=fear, hydro=water)

Examples of LIPIDS 1. Fats 2. Phospholipids 3. Oils 4. Waxes 5. Steroid/ Hormones 6. Triglycerides

Lipids Triglycerides: composed of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. = H H-C----O glycerol O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = fatty acids C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3

Lipids Six functions of lipids: 1. Long term energy storage 2. Protection against heat loss (insulation) 3. Protection against water loss 4. Chemical messengers (hormones) 5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids)

Fatty Acids Video! There are two kinds of fatty acids (carbon chains) you may see on food labels: 1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad) 2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good) Solid fats! O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = saturated O C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH =CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 = unsaturated Liquid oils!

Lipid Lab Check your smears and record what each sample looks like. Record your data on the bottom of the lipid worksheet.

Wednesday, September 14th: Bell work Which of the following compounds represents an organic molecule? C6H8O3 SO4 H2PO4 CuOH What type of bonds hold carbon atoms to other atoms in regards to organic compounds? Ionic Hydrogen Covalent Peptide What elements make up carbohydrates and lipids?

Wednesday, September 14th: Bell Work The building blocks for lipids are ______________ & _______________. Monosaccharides, Disaccharides Fatty Acids, Glycerol Monomers, Polymers Saturated Fats, Unsaturated Fats Lipids are _________ molecules that are not soluble in water. Nonpolar Polar Ionic Covalent List 2 functions of lipids.

Wednesday, September 14th Lipid Review (worksheet) Protein Notes Protein Lab Demo Protein Worksheet Quiz! Reminders! Thursday is LAST day for test re-takes! Macromolecule test next THURSDAY!! Collect scantrons from 1st test 1st block: Smart Cards

Proteins

Proteins (Polypeptides) Basic building block= Amino Acid There are 20 amino acids (your body makes 12 amino acids) Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Sulfur

Proteins (Polypeptides) Amino Acids Made of carbon bonded to a carboxyl group (-), an amine group (+), a hydrogen, and an R-group. Variation between amino acids comes from different R-groups. Amino Acids are linked together by peptide bonds.

Amine Group Carboxyl Group

Proteins (Polypeptides) Six functions and examples of proteins: 1. Storage: albumin (egg white) 2. Transport: hemoglobin (blood) 3. Regulatory: hormones 4. Movement: muscles 5. Structural: membranes, hair, nails 6. Enzymes: cellular reactions

Protein: Primary Structure Amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds (straight chains) aa1 aa2 aa3 aa4 aa5 aa6 Peptide Bonds Amino Acids (aa)

Protein: Secondary Structure 3-dimensional folding arrangement of a primary structure into coils and pleats held together by hydrogen bonds. Two examples: Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet Hydrogen Bonds

Protein: Tertiary Structure Secondary structures bent and folded into a more complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides Bonds: H-bonds, ionic, covalent Alpha Helix Beta Pleated Sheet

Protein: Quaternary Structure Composed of 2 or more “subunits” Example: enzymes subunits

Thursday, September 15th Bell Work: Complete the following table. Macromolecule Elements Building Block Monosaccharide Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur Lipid

Thursday, September 15th Protein Review Nucleic Acid Notes Nucleic Acid Worksheet turn in completed packet: 5 pages! McMush Lab Introduction If you have any zeros (0) you may NOT participate in the lab on Friday. This includes the macromolecule poster. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2diPZOtty0

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Building Block: Nucleotides ELEMENTS: C H O N P

Nucleic acids Nucleotides include: phosphate group sugar DNA: deoxyribose RNA: ribose nitrogenous bases

Nucleotide O O=P-O N CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 Phosphate Group Nitrogenous base CH2 O C1 C4 C3 C2 5 Sugar (deoxyribose)

Nucleic acids Two types: a. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA- double helix) **stores genetic information** b. Ribonucleic acid (RNA-single strand) **builds proteins**

DNA - double helix P O 1 2 3 4 5 P O 1 2 3 4 5 G C T A