Measuring Development Aim- to identify and describe examples of economic and social indicators of development. What is development? Traditionally development has been associated with economic growth. Measuring economic output. Meaning that countries become richer and hence more advanced. More modern thinking is that development cannot just simply be measured in economic terms. Account should be taken of the the quality of people lives i.e. a social measurement is needed; access to clean water, living standards, diet and education.

Hundreds of millions of people are worse off now than twenty years ago That some nations should be rich and others poor can even seem inevitable as we watch. Year by year, the indicators of wellbeing improve in some and decline in others, with lower incomes and fewer children in school, deteriorating health services, mounting civil disorder, lower expectation of life and greater vulnerability

Measuring Development Aim- to identify and describe examples of economic and social indicators of development. Measurements of development; GNP GDP Life expectancy Infant Mortality rate Population per doctor Birth rate % Urban Calorie intake % in agriculture Literacy rate Composite measures of development Physical Quality Life Index (PQLI) Human Development Index (HDI)

Measuring Development Aim- to identify and describe examples of economic and social indicators of development. Country GNP Per capita BR/000 % Urban Life expectancy Calorie intake % in Agriculture Kuwait 18086 36 58 69 2728 17 Bolivia 757 47 33 51 1970 65 Bangladesh 145 40 11 2113 71 Describe the differences in the levels of development amongst the countries shown in the table. 4 marks

Measuring Development Aim- explain why development indicators such GNP may disguise inequalities within a country Criticisms of GNP Average figure takes no account of inequalities within a country. Does not take account of subsistence agriculture Exaggerates, the development gap, as US$10 would buy far more in India than in the UK. GNP inflated by heating costs in colder climates ( poorer countries tend to be located in the tropics). Ignores the gap between rich and poor. In Peru, 70% of the wealth is controlled by 10% of the population. Compared to the USA where 38% of the wealth is controlled by 10% of the population. Hence it is much better to use a composite index. PQLI (Physical Quality of Life Index). It uses three measure; Literacy, IMR and Life Expectancy. Human Development index uses; adjusted income per capita, educational attainment and life expectancy at birth.