9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU1 Combinational Logic Circuits – Gates
9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU2 Class 4 outline Binary Logic and Gates Basic Gates Implemented Gates Material from section 2-1 of text
Basic Gates Gates are the base level elements of digital systems. Gates are used to implement Boolean Logic functions. Will start with one level circuits or just a single gate. Then move on to two or more levels of logic circuits. 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU3
Logic gates implementation Logic gates, having two distinct and stable states, high and low, are implemented today using interconnected MOS transistors (most common). Today CMOS – Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor – technology is most common. Have had a steady progression of technology used for the implementation of digital circuits. 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU4
Past technologies RTL – Resistor Transistor Logic – implemented with resistors and bipolar transistors TTL – Transistor Transistor Logic – implemented with bipolar transistors NMOS – n-type MOS transistors – implemented with one transistor configured as a MOS resistor – similar in philosophy to RTL 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU5
Basic Functions AND Represented by a dot (·) or the absence of an operator. May be written Z = X AND Y z = x AND y Z = X · Y Z = XY Meaning: Result is TRUE if, and only if, both X and Y are TRUE Verbal– John and Mary went to the dance and to be true, they both went to the dance. 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU6
Basic Functions OR Represented by the + operator symbol Examples Z = X OR Y Z = x OR Y Z = X + Y Meaning: Result is TRUE if at least one of X and Y, or both, are TRUE. Verbal – John or Mary went to the dance. Meaning either John went to the dance, Many went to the dance, or both of them went to it. 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU7
Basic Functions NOT Represented by a bar ¯ over the symbol or the word NOT Examples Z = NOT X Meaning: True if X is False False if X is True 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU8
Truth table and gate symbols AND function OR function 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU9
Truth table and gate symbols NOT 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU10
But gates are electronic elements 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU11 And have voltages over time that are interpreted as logic values over time
Basic gates with more than 2 inputs It is often the case that we have 3 input AND gates or 3 inputs OR gates. Sometimes, even have 4 input gates. Some logic equations have many terms ANDed together. In MOS these many input gates are not readily feasible. Therefore, use multiple levels of logic. 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU12
Class 4 assignment Covered section 2.1 Problems for hand in None today Problems for practice 2-1 do it – This is an important one Section 2.2 9/15/09 - L4 Combinational Logic - Gates Copyright Joanne DeGroat, ECE, OSU13