2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 5 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Define atom, and identify its main parts and their features. Key Concept: All living things are based on atoms and their interactions GET OUT: SYLLABUS LAB SAFETY CONTRACT Key Vocabulary: Atom Proton/Neuton/Electron Element

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules P. 4

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How can this plant digest a frog? –If plants can make their own food through photosynthesis, hypothesize why would a plant species evolve a mechanism to capture and eat animals? Top of P.4 Please open to Pg. 35 in the textbook and read the paragraph in white font for your answer… Not EVERYTHING a plant needs is supplied by photosynthesis Most plants absorb additional nutrients form the soil such as nitrogen and phosphorus Venus fly traps live in swampy areas that have nitrogen poor soil, so they get this needed nitrogen by digesting animals

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Venus Fly Trap

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT All living things are based on atoms and their interactions.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter. Please draw and label an atom in the middle section of pg. 4 energy level

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Fun Fact It would take you over 1,000,000,000,000 (1 Trillion) years to count the number of atoms in a single grain of sand

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Although there is a huge variety of matter on Earth, all atoms share the same basic structure… Protons- in the nucleus, Positively charged (+) Neutrons-in the nucleus, Neutrally charged (no charge) Electrons-much smaller particles on the outside of the nucleus on the energy level, Negatively charged (-) Energy Level

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Oxygen atom (O) Nucleus: 8 protons (+) 8 neutrons outermost energy level: 6 electrons (-) inner energy level: 2 electrons (-) Energy Levels Energy levels: Electrons are located here. The inner level holds a maximum of 2 electrons.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Bill Nye Part I- Atoms 6m36s

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules An element is one or more atoms of the same type. –cannot be broken down into simpler substances –Can be put together to make compounds or molecules –The atomic # (aka proton #) never varies! -Ex: Only Gold has 79 protons, Only Hydrogen has 1 proton gold aluminum

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules What do you notice about these elements’ proton numbers and electron numbers? Iron Gold Tin Aluminum 13 P 13 E 14 N 50 P 50 E 69 N 79 P 79 E 118 N 26 P 26 E 30 N Proton # = Electron#

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Atoms have equal numbers of +P and –E so they are P 79 E 118 N Gold (-79) = ??? (-79) = 0 electrically neutral!!!! +P# = -E # = NEUTRAL!!!!!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements Atomic # = Proton # = Electron # All the same #!!!!!

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Electron Configuration allows us to know how many electrons are in each energy level = 79E How to read the Periodic Table of the Elements 6 energy levels 1 st =2 2 nd =8 3 rd = 18 4 th = 32 5 th =18 6 th = 1

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How to find the Proton, Electron, and Neutron # for any element –Number of Protons = Atomic # –Number of Electrons = #of Protons = Atomic # –Number of Neutrons = Mass # (rounded up) - Atomic # = 118 Atomic # Element’s Symbol Element Name Atomic Mass 79

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Create Your Own Atom (P#/E#/N#) bottom P.4 Mass (rounded up)-Atomic #= Neutron #

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw an aluminum atom with protons, neutrons and electrons color coded Neutron # = Atomic mass (rounded up) – the atomic # –Protons –Neutrons –Electrons

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw a Aluminum Atom –Protons: 13 –Neutrons: 14 (27-13= 14) –Electrons: 13

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Bill Nye Part II- Elements 9m35s

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 7 Topic: 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Essential Question: How do ions form? Compare Ionic and Covalent bonding. 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules How do Ions form? Compare Ionic and covalent bonding. Key Vocabulary: Ion Ionic bond Covalent bond Molecule

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules P.6 EQ Ionic Bond Covalent Bond Ion Formation

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Q: Because all atoms are made of the same types of particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), what difference among atoms makes one element different from other elements? A: The number of protons in the nucleus!!!! Aluminum Iron Tin

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules _ O HH ++ –water (H 2 O) A compound is made of 2 or more different elements bonded together in a certain ratio. Ex: H 2 0 Draw mini picture Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules A molecule is two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. All compounds are molecules NOT all molecules are compounds Hydrogen covalent O O –Ex: O 2 –Ex: H 2 O Compound and molecule Molecule only

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules + - An ion is an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons (-). An ion forms because an atom is more stable when its outermost energy level is full.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Positive Ions: Mostly empty outer energy levels= lose those electrons Become POSITIVELY charged ion Negative Ions: Nearly full outer energy level =gain electrons Become a NEGATIVELY charged ion - Energy level

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

11P17P 11P (+) 10E (-) 17P (+) 18E (-) - + IONS Please draw and Label on the top 1/3 of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Hydrogen: neutral Fluorine: needs one electron to fill its outer energy level Fluorine: “steals” an electron from Hydrogen. Becomes a negatively charged ion Hydrogen: becomes a positively charged ion

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Understanding how an ion forms ionic bonds and covalent bonds is important because ions play large roles in organisms. They are important in all biological processes. A few examples are: They play a role in muscle contraction and cell shape Chloride (Cl-) is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy) Calcium ions (Ca2+) are necessary for every muscle movement in your body

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Ionic bonds form between oppositely charged ions. Dissolve in H2O. Now we have salt!!!! “Opposites Attract!!!!” Draw in the middle section of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules covalent bonds –Share electrons in outer energy level –Can have multiple bonds –Strong bonds Hydrogen covalent H 2 O Aka Water! Draw in the middle section of pg. 6

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

Ionic and Covalent Bonding

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules On the bottom of pg. 6 create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds. Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Pg in book

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Double bubble map comparing and contrasting ionic bonds and covalent bonds Ionic Bonds Covalent Bonds Share electrons bonding Form between oppositely charged ions atoms Dissolve in H 2 O Strong Bond Bonds ions

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 9 Topic: Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds Essential Question: None 2.1 Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw the atom that is described below. Remember what you have learned about where each one of the particles are located in an atom. Use red for protons, black for neutrons, and blue for electrons. 1. Nitrogen: Protons: 7 Neutrons: 7 Electrons: 7

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Molecules P. 8 P. 9 (picture) Pg in book Ductile: able to deform without breaking Brittle: hard, but easy to shatter Malleable: able to be hammered into another permanent shape without breaking Elements Metals: #s Nonmetals:#s Metalloids: #s Draw an Atom Atoms

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Classwork Complete “Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds” worksheet –DO NOT complete “Compound” portion (last pg.) When you are done you are to work on your Eqs for 2.1 Cornell Questions (4-6) for each day of 2.1

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Draw an Atom 1. Hydrogen 2. Carbon 3. Oxygen

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules 1. True 2. False- Electrons are negatively charged 3. True 4. False- Neutrons are neutrally charged 5. False- # of protons does not = the # of electrons 6. Helium 7. Carbon 8. A compound must at least 2 different elements bonded together, where a molecule is any 2 or more atoms bonded together Atoms

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Elements Metals: Nonmetals: Metalloids: element 12. atomic # 13. protons 14. below 15. mass 16. neutrons 17. nucleus 18. location 19. nitrogen 20. N = 7 + ___ Mass #= P# + N#

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules Molecules 1. molecules 2. molecules 3. compounds 4. molecules 5. compounds 6. compounds 7. molecules 8. compounds 9. 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen Nitrogen, 1 Oxygen Hydrogen, 1 Sulfur, 4 Oxy Carbon, 4 Hydrogen Carbon, 12 Hydro, 6 Oxy Carbon, 4 Hydro, 2 Oxy Carbon, 8 Hydro, 7 Oxy Carbon, 6 Hydro, 1 Oxy Hydro, 1 phosphorus, 4 Oxy Silicon, 1 Oxygen