The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19: Section 4

The McCarthy Era How did you feel during the “red dot” exercise? How did you decide who to let in your group and who not to?

McCarthy’s Rise to Power 1st term in Senate was undistinguished, needed issue to arouse public support…communism Claimed to have 205 Communist names in U.S. government Accusations and smear tactic called McCarthyism Simply being accused by McCarthy caused people to lose their jobs Other Senators feared him because they thought opposing him would paint a communist picture around them

McCarthy’s Fall Never proved any of his conspiracy charges His followers stopped supporting him Last straw = attacked U.S. Army for harboring communists In 1954 Senate passed a vote of censure against McCarthy Died of liver failure three years later

The Cold War in the 1950’s Eisenhower Southeast Asia Avoid war w/ USSR at all costs Southeast Asia 1953 brought an end to the Korean War U.S. continues to aid France in controlling their colony in Vietnam, but resist greater involvement, for now… Uprisings in W. Germany, Poland, and Hungary. USA stays out of the way

The Cold War in the 1950’s The Middle East New nation of Israel…supported by the United Nations Arabs…supported by the Soviet Union U.S. worked to prevent oil-rich Arab nations from falling to Soviet influence Egypt and the Suez Canal Eisenhower Doctrine Support in Middle East against Communism Israel vs. Palestine Oil-Rich Iran: US supports non-nationalist group in Iran. Egypt seeks USSR support, US & GB shut off aid to Egypt. Egypt responds by taking back the Suez Canal. GB & France attack for canal. Eisenhower prevents NATO from supporting to avoid confrontation w USSR

The Cold War in the 1950’s Latin America CIA helps to overthrow Guatemalan government due to radicalism Rio Pact: regional defense alliance with 18 other nations in Western Hemisphere Guatemala: Re-seized property of US fruit company that had been seized by the Guatemalan government.

The Arms Race The Growth of Nuclear Arsenals Soviets have their own hydrogen bomb Deterrence was the policy of making the military power so strong no enemy would dare attack 1954-1959: 19 hydrogen bomb tests (750 Xs more powerful than atomic bomb)

The Arms Race Brinkmanship John Dulles policy of getting on the brink of war and then getting out at the end Many Democrats see it as Russian Roulette John Dulles = Eisenhower’s Secretary of State

The Arms Race Cold War in the Skies Soviets focus on intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), U.S. lagged behind Soviets Soviets launch Sputnik, first artificial satellite to orbit earth American U-2 spy planes, which fly 15 miles high in the air get shot down, known as U-2 incident This caused U.S. to spend lots of money to catch up with Soviets Military Industrial Complex: Warned the US that this could create a financial stake in war making. In other words, US benefits financially greatly from going to war. This is a problem…