Loyalists Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the Great Britain Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the Great Britain About 15%-20% of the colonies About 15%-20% of the colonies Many Loyalists fled the country at the start of the Revolution Many Loyalists fled the country at the start of the Revolution Many were older, wealthy merchants Many were older, wealthy merchants Active in the Church of England Active in the Church of England The national church The national church

Patriots Came from many different backgrounds Came from many different backgrounds Believed “taxation without representation” was illegal Believed “taxation without representation” was illegal Mostly ordinary men and women (farmers, mechanics, homemakers, and shopkeepers) Mostly ordinary men and women (farmers, mechanics, homemakers, and shopkeepers) These middle and lower classes didn’t like their economic situation These middle and lower classes didn’t like their economic situation ◦ Largely due to British taxation

The Arguments Loyalists Patriots 1.A strong unified British Empire is good for all 2.Colonists are British subjects and should obey British law 3.Taxes are due to French & Indian War which was fought to protect colonies 4.American colonies would be weak without Britain 5.Colonies profit from trade with England 6.Colonies are too far away from England to have representation in Parliament, its just not practical 1.People have rights government can’t take away, like property 2.Taxation takes away property (i.e. – money and goods) 3.Colonists don’t have voice in Parliament, so they can’t tax colonies (No taxation without representation) 4.There’s no way colonies could ever be represented – Parliament’s too far 5.Many colonists fought in the French & Indian War (we’ve done our part) 6.British personnel are causing violence, riots, and death (Boston Massacre & Boston Tea Party)

Fighting the American Revolution “A World Turned Upside Down”

Patriots at the Beginning… ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES  Were fighting for their land and believed cause  VERY determined  Had George Washington as their leader  Other foreign countries gave them supplies and soldiers  Lack of experience in fighting  Lack of supplies  Outnumbered  Weak navy

Redcoats at the Beginning… ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES  Generals had a wide range of experience  Understood strategy  Well-trained and highly disciplined  Well supplied  Took weeks or months to get needed supplies and reinforcements  Difficult to adapt to “hit and run” warfare

The Early War  Early on, both sides adopted the same strategy  Win in one big battle  Neither side was able to accomplish this  Patriots suffered huge losses that hurt their morale  Washington decided to go on the defensive  Hoped to tire out the British

New British Strategy  British were ordered to capture New York Central location Coast line for supplies  From New York, they would capture Massachusetts  the of the rebellion

The Battle of Saratoga (1777)  British are beaten back by colonial forces  British surrender  Significance of Saratoga: Major defeat for the British Major defeat for the British Shows that the colonists have a chance to win Shows that the colonists have a chance to win France becomes an ally of the colonies France becomes an ally of the colonies  Considered a turning point in the war

Europe Helps the Colonies  France was angry over losing the French & Indian War  Spain hoped to gain more land  This caused the British to fight three enemies at once  Had to spread their resources

Europeans Helps the Colonies Marquis de Lafayette French nobleman who volunteered to fight under Washington French nobleman who volunteered to fight under Washington Used his own money to buy soldiers clothes Used his own money to buy soldiers clothes Persuaded French king to send 6,000 men to fight for the colonies Persuaded French king to send 6,000 men to fight for the colonies Baron von Steuben Prussian (modern day Germany) general Prussian (modern day Germany) general Helped Washington train and discipline troops at Valley Forge Helped Washington train and discipline troops at Valley Forge

Winter at Valley Forge  Fighting stopped during winter Temperatures were anywhere from 6-12 degrees F Temperatures were anywhere from 6-12 degrees F  Washington’s army camped in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania  Lacked EVERYTHING! ¼ died from malnutrition or disease ¼ died from malnutrition or disease  Showed endurance and determination Respected Washington too much to desert Respected Washington too much to desert Sorry guys…my bad! This sucks. I want my mommie!

“I have not yet begun to fight!”  After Valley Forge, battles began happening on the seas as well as land  John Paul Jones was commander of the Bonhomme Richard  Won a significant naval battle against Great Britain (the best navy in the world) Angered the British BUT inspired the colonists Angered the British BUT inspired the colonists

The Battle of Yorktown, October 1781 British General Cornwallis set up his base camp on Yorktown peninsula British General Cornwallis set up his base camp on Yorktown peninsula  French ships blocked the bay British cannot receive supplies or retreat  Washington trapped him by land  Bombarded the Redcoats with cannon fire  Cornwallis surrendered  PATRIOTS WIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PATRIOTS WIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!! PATRIOTS WIN!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Create-A-Treaty 1. What is the new status of the colonies? A. Completely free and independent B. Remain colonies but with representation in Parliament C. Joint control of colonial lands 2. What will happen to British troops and forts stationed in the United States? A. All will stay B. All will leave C. Half with leave and the rest will stay 3. What are the new boundary lines for the United States? A. Atlantic to Pacific B. Atlantic to Appalachian C. Atlantic to Mississippi

Create-A-Treaty 1. What happens to Loyalist property that was confiscated by Patriots? A. All is given back to Loyalists B. All is kept by the United States C. Given back to Loyalists older than 40 years 2. What happens to the debt each side (Americans and British) owes? Who should pay the debt? A. United States pays it all B. Great Britain pays it all C. Each side pays their respective debt 3. What happens to the runaway slaves that fought for the Redcoats? A. They are allowed to move the Great Britain and obtain freedom B. They are property of the United States C. They are given back to their original owners

The Treaty of Paris, Colonies are “free and independent states” 2. British must remove all troops 3. New boundary from Atlantic to Mississippi A. Northern and Southern border were Canada and Florida 4. Loyalist rights and property were protected 5. Each side repays its debts 6. Captured slaves must be returned to owners

4 Corners Review  Significance of Lexington and Concord… 1. Final battle of the Revolution 2. Turning point of the Revolution 3. First battle of the Revolution 4. Declared the colonies independent

4 Corners Review  Significance of the year 1776… 1. Battle of Saratoga 2. Declaration of Independence was written 3. Ending of the Revolutionary War 4. Battle of Lexington and Concord

4 Corners Review  Saratoga is significant because… 1. It ended the Revolutionary War 2. It was a major loss for the colonies 3. The Redcoats gained New York 4. France became an ally of the colonies

4 Corners Review  Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben helped the Continental Army by providing… 1. Food and shelter 2. Money, supplies, and military training 3. Information about the Redcoats’ strategy 4. Ships to arm our weak navy

4 Corners Review  Yorktown is a significant battle of the American Revolution because it was the… 1. Final battle of the Revolution 2. Turning point of the Revolution 3. First battle of the Revolution 4. Declared the colonies independent

4 Corners Review  Which of the following was NOT a term of the Treaty of Paris of 1783… 1. Colonies are “free and independent states” 2. British must remove all troops 3. New boundary from Atlantic to the Appalachian Mountains 4. Captured slaves must be returned to owners