Distributed Generation and CCCHP for Alaska Thomas Tanton T 2 & Associates June 17, 2010 Business of Clean Energy in Alaska

Summary Technologies for DG and CHP –Types of Prime Movers –Sizes and Costs –Applications –Efficiency Improvements Fuels of Local Nature Infrastructure Benefits

What is Combined Heat and Power?

Prime Movers Reciprocating engines (5 kW-7 MW) Combustion turbines (500 kW-25 MW) Microturbines ( kW) Backpressure Steam Turbines (50 kW and up) Fuel cells (1 kW-10 MW)

Reciprocating Engines Currently Typical Village Application –Familiarity and Maint. Knowledge Infrastructure –‘Easily’ Converted to Capture Heat –‘Easily’ Converted to Alternative Fuel (e.g. biogas or biodiesel) Can Be Noisy Depending on Size ~$ /kw Often Used in Alaska to “firm” wind Fast but Not Immediate Response Moderate Thermal to Electric

Turbines Range in Size from ~250kW to multi- megawatt High quality heat for recovery Approx. $ /kW: bigger cheaper ~50% simple cycle efficiency

Fuel Cells Highest Available Efficiency (~65% elec. only) $ ,000/kw Depending on Cell Type Low Levels of High Quality Heat Need for Trained Personnel Silent Power Conditioning Weak Link

Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) Recycled Goods Post-Recycling Residuals Municipal & Industrial Solid Waste (MSW) Gate Receive/Reject: Green Waste, HHW, White Goods & Metals One Example of Local Sourced Fuels 1 Rejected Loads: Refuse / Return Final Land Disposal Woody Waste C&D MRF Sorting Lines Clean Organics Compost & Mulch Bio-Fuel Commodities Markets 6 ADC Emissions: Air & Water 19 Sanitary Landfill (SLF) Extraction Flare Energy Markets Generation Loss Energy Input

Alaska Opportunities Biomass and Fish Processing waste prevalent Some of the easiest to gasify for use in any prime mover (fuel cells req. cleanup more than others) With CCHP, fish processers can be more self sufficient wrt energy

Infrastructure Benefits DE can ensure greater power quality, reduce vulnerability of the grid, and increase self sufficiency. Reduce Infrastructure costs—less TL Reduce Infrastructure Vulnerability Retrofit Existing village engines to district heat

Summary Use of Expanded and Retrofit Distributed CCHP Provides Dramatic Efficiency Improvements and Improved Vulnerability Many Villages would Benefit from Retrofitting to District Heat Alaska’s biomass and fishery industry provide excellent feedstocks for expanded DG