BIOL Topic 7
Objective 1Organs of the Urinary System (2) Kidneys which manufacture urine (2) Ureters which transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (1) Urinary bladder that stores urine prior to micturition (elimination) (1) Urethra that carries urine to the surface of the body
Objective 2Kidney Anatomy The retroperitoneal kidneys are covered with three layers of connective tissue: 1.Renal Fascia (Outer) 2.Adipose Capsule 3.Renal Capsule (Inner)
Renal (fibrous) Capsule: inner layer; thin, transparent, dense irregular connective tissue covering which provides a strong barrier preventing the spread of infections to the kidney; has a minor role in protecting the kidney from physical trauma
Internally, the kidney is divided into a: Cortex:outer, granular appearing tissue Medulla:inner region made of renal pyramids Renal Pelvis:adjacent to the renal hilus
The Renal Capsule of a Human Kidney
Renal Columns:extensions of cortical tissue that lie between pyramids Renal papillae:tips of pyramids Major Calyx:portion of the urine collection system that drains several minor calyces Minor Calyx:portion of the urine collection system that drains one pyramid
Renal Hilus: Area where the renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves attach to the kidney
Blood Supply The Renal Artery and Its Branches
Circulation to Nephrons
Objective 2Nephrons Nephron;the functional unit of the kidney; it is a microscopic tubular structure that filters the blood and manufactures urine there are over 1 million nephrons per kidney
Renal Corpuscle & JGA
Glomerular Filtration
A Simplified View of A Nephron
Renal Corpuscle- Microscopic View
Glomeruli and Collecting Ducts
Collecting Duct and Brush Border
Classes of Nephrons Cortical:almost entirely located in the cortex; represent about % of all nephrons; they produce urine Juxtamedullarylocated close to the cortical.medullary junction; the loops of Henle dip deeply into the pyramids of the medulla; they represent 15-25% of all nephrons; these nephrons make urine too but, additionally, they are important in the conservation of water
Cortex – Injected Vasculature
Arcuate Artery and Vein – Cross Section
Ureters/Urinary Bladder/Urethra
Objective 4 Cat Anatomy Female
Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder
1.1. Renal Capsule 2.2. Renal Cortex 3.3. Renal Medulla 4.4. Renal Pyramid 5.5. Renal Pelvis 6.6. Renal Column 7.7. Renal Calyx 8.8. Ureter
1.Kidney4. Bladder 2.Renal Artery/Vein5. Testes 3.Ureter6. Penis
1.Kidney5. Ureter 2.Uterine Horns6.Ovary 3.Body of the Uterus 7.Adrenal Glands 4.Urinary Bladder
Kidney Dissection:
Renal Hilus Ureter
Renal Cortex Kidney Injected With Latex -red (arteries), blue (veins), yellow (urine)
Normal Human Kidney, Unfixed