1. BIOL 204 - Lab 10 Urinary system

2. Objective 1 Organs of the Urinary System
(2) Kidneys which manufacture urine
(2) Ureters which transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
(1) Urinary bladder that stores urine prior to micturition (elimination)
(1) Urethra that carries urine to the surface of the body

3. Objective 2 Kidney Anatomy
Renal Hilus:
Area where the renal artery, renal vein, ureter and nerves attach to the kidney
                              

4. The retroperitoneal kidneys are covered with three layers of connective tissue:
1. Renal Fascia (Outer) Adipose Capsule Renal Capsule (Inner)

5. Renal (fibrous) Capsule:
inner layer
thin, transparent, dense irregular connective tissue covering which provides a strong barrier preventing the spread of infections to the kidney
has a minor role in protecting the kidney from physical trauma

6. Internally, the kidney is divided into a:
Cortex: outer, granular appearing tissue
Medulla: inner region made of renal pyramids
Renal Pelvis: adjacent to the renal hilus

7. Renal Columns: extensions of cortical tissue that lie between pyramids
Renal papillae: tips of pyramids
Major Calyx: portion of the urine collection system that drains several minor calyces
Minor Calyx: portion of the urine collection system that drains one pyramid

9. Blood Supply

10. Circulation to Nephrons

12. Objective Nephrons
Nephron: the functional unit of the kidney; it is a microscopic tubular structure that filters the blood and manufactures urine there are over 1 million nephrons per kidney

14. Renal Corpuscle
Microscopic View

15. Glomeruli and Collecting Ducts

16. Collecting Duct and Brush Border

17. Classes of Nephrons Cortical nephron:
almost entirely located in the cortex
represent about % of all nephrons
they produce urine
Juxta medullary nephron:
located close to the cortical/medullary junction
the loops of Henle dip deeply into the pyramids of the medulla
they represent 15-25% of all nephrons
these nephrons make urine too but, additionally, they are important in the conservation of water

18. Arcuate Artery and Vein – Cross Section

19. Ureters/Urinary Bladder/Urethra

23. Objective Cat Anatomy
Female

24. Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder

25. 1. Renal Capsule 2. Renal Cortex 3. Renal Medulla 4. Renal Pyramid 5.
                                                           1.
Renal Capsule 2.
Renal Cortex 3.
Renal Medulla 4.
Renal Pyramid 5.
Renal Pelvis 6.
Renal Column 7.
Renal Calyx 8.
Ureter

26. Renal Artery/Vein 5. Testes Ureter 6. Penis
                                                
Kidney Bladder
Renal Artery/Vein 5. Testes
Ureter Penis

27.                                                
Kidney Ureter
Uterine Horns 6. Ovary
Body of the Uterus 7. Adrenal Glands
Urinary Bladder

28. Normal Human Kidney Unfixed
Ureter
Renal Hilus
Normal Human Kidney Unfixed

29. Kidney Dissection: Renal Cortex Kidney Injected With Latex
Columns
Renal Cortex
Pyramids
Kidney Injected With Latex
-red (arteries), blue (veins), yellow (urine)

30. Objective 5 Urinalysis Characteristics of Urine
Test the Initial sample for:
Color
transparency pH
presence of substances
volume
specific gravity
sodium chloride concentration
Test subsequent samples for:
Variables:
Water, salty chips, gatorade , mountain dew