THE NEW NATION Washington's Presidency

THE "FOUNDING" PERIOD

WASHINGTON TAKES OFFICE

WHAT WHAT CHALLENGES ARE THE NEW NATION FACING? Think what led to the following "Founding Moments": Declaration of Independence Constitution

WHAT ARE CHALLENGES FACING THE NEW NATION?

Balance of power State vs. federal power 3 branches of government Enforcing laws - avoiding dictatorship Efficiency Maintains ideas of the Declaration Unify the states Trust Being prepared for the future Equality Debt from Revolutionary War New Nation with no experiencing governing Building relations with foreign countries/Alliances Building an army How to best represent the people (who can vote?) Slavery Washington could not single-handedly run the country - needed help from experts & supervisors Forts with British soldiers at them Spanish & French in the US Expansion west of the Appalachian Mountains Trouble with Native Americans

CABINET Constitution states that the preside

THE CABINET TODAY

DEBT OWED BY THE NEW NATION

HAMILTON'S FINANCIAL PLAN Federal government would assume state debts The United States would pay back loans with interest Protective tariff on imports produced in Europe to encourage American industries. Excise tax on whiskey (tax on a luxury good) There would be a National Bank which would issue paper money, issue tax receipts and hold the governments money.

RESPONSE TO THE ASSUMPTION OF STATE DEBTS “Consolidation”….conveyed the political fear, so potent among that Antifederalist critics of the constitutional settlement of 1788, that the states would be absorbed by the new federal government. It echoed the ideological fear, so effective as a weapon against the taxes imposed by Parliament and George III that…all liberty was lost. And at a primal level it suggested the unconscious fear of being swallowed up by a larger creature…eaten alive.

COMPROMISE

PROTECTIVE TARIFF

WHY SHOULD THE US PAY BACK LOANS WITH INTEREST?

WHISKEY REBELLION: FEDERAL POWER PA farmers refused to pay the tax, threatened to secede from the Union Washington sent in troops to enforce the law

NATIONAL BANK Sets off debate about how the constitution should be interpreted "Strict" interpretation "Loose" interpretation Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18 "Congress has the power...to make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers"

ARE POLITICAL PARTIES NECESSARY? Why did Washington warn against the formation of political parties? What was the nature of politics parties in the late 1800s early. 1900s?

French Revolution Stirs America French Revolution begins (1789)  Reign of Terror  Napoleon Democratic-Republicans favor France Federalists favor Britain

French Revolution Stirs America Washington declares neutrality (1793)

Embroilments with Britain

Treaties Jay Treaty w/ Britain ( ) Britain granted some concessions Burning In Effigy

Treaties Pinckney Treaty w/ Spain (1795) Established boundaries, right of New Orleans

Presidential Transition Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) Set trend: Isolation (also two-term tradition)

Presidential Transition Election of 1796 Adams wins, Jefferson in as Vice President  eventually to 12 th Amendment Election info

Adams’ Presidency XYZ Affair (1797) Undeclared naval warfare ( )

Adams’ Presidency Alien & Sedition Acts (1798) Naturalization Act Sedition Act (used) Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions  idea of nullification

End of the Era Federalists lost control of executive and legislative branches in election 0f 1800 Federalist judges remained in power – chief justice was John Marshall