Identical Twins. Genome * The complete set of genetic material in an organism.

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Presentation transcript:

Identical Twins

Genome * The complete set of genetic material in an organism

What is the epigenome?

Epigenome * DNA modifications that do not change the DNA sequence

* Chemical changes (specifically methylation) that regulate can gene activity

Everyone, not just twins, is affected by epigenetic factors

Turn genes on or off

* Brain Cells * Skin Cells

Same genome, different production of proteins!

Epigenetic Tags

*Diet *Sun exposure *Stress

Yellow: Twins shave epigenetic tags in the same place

Red and Green: show where twins have epigenetic tags in different places

Dietary Influences

Nutrient *Resveratrol Epigenetic Role *Removes acetyl groups from histones, improving health

Food? *Red Wine

NutrientEpigenetic Role *DADS*Increased histone acetylation turning on anti- cancer genes

Food? *Garlic

Borderline Personality Disorder B.D.P.

What is it? * Mental illness with persistent long-term symptoms * Impulsive behavior, outbursts and depression

How does it relate to epigenetics and identical twins?

Increased methylation Changes in depression, hopelessness and impulsivity

0%100% Percent of twins who share the trait

Percent of twins who share the trait decreasing 0% 100%

Case Study

Similarities

Careers

Musical Interests

* Largely Innate * “The parents of 394 pairs of twins reported that both twins took music lessons”

Differences

Eye Site

* Genetic aspect * Certain activities --TV/Video games or reading

Height

*About 80% genetic *Nutrition

*Different populations *Caloric intake

Allergies

Environmental Factors *Order of birth with siblings *Exposure to germs *Breast-feeding

What causes allergies? *Immune system Are allergies genetic? *Somewhat

Works Cited