Barbara A. Pijan = Dec Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 Vocabulary Skills for IELP Tutors

IELP Vocabulary Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors2 Key to Success for University Reading

IELP Vocabulary Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors 1.Why? 2.Which words? 3.What tools? 4.How can Tutors help ? 3

1. Why? R EADING = the key to university success. VOCABULARY = the key to reading. 4Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011

1. Why? To understand a Reading Passage: Comprehension = Minimum 90-95% KNOWN words Vocabulary for IELP Tutors % Dec

1. Why? Target Comprehension = 95% of the running words in an average text Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec

2. What Words? The Lexicon Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec

2. What Words? Webster’s 3 rd Intl – 114,000 word families Printed school English – 88,000 word families To read without interruption from unknown vocabulary – 17-20,000 word families = ** college fluency ** Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Receptive Vocab Dec

2. What Words? Native Speaker youth add +/- 1,000 new word families each year (until they leave school) Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec The average US kindergartener knows: 6000 word families Educated NS know: 20,000 word families

Chinese Vocabulary For comparison : Basic vocab 520 characters [Chinese ] Written proficiency begins 1500 characters [Chinese ] Full literacy = char Masters degree = 7000 char Total characters = 11,000 Total words = approx 84, Data from s-chinese + en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi nese_language s-chinese en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi nese_language

2. What Words? Academic Word List 570 “university” headwords General Service List 2248 most common “normal” words Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec

2. What Words? If Ss learn 2000 GSL only then 1 of 5 words will be unknown If Ss add 570 AWL then approx 1 of 10 words will be unknown Vocabulary for IELP Tutors + AWL + GSL 90+% text = known Dec

2. What Words? Text type and text coverage from : Learning Vocabulary in Another Language, p. 17 LISTS C ONVERSATION F ICTION N EWSPAPER A CADEMIC T EXT 1st 1000 GSL84.3% 82.3%75.6%73.5% 2nd 1000 GSL6.0% 5.1%4.7%4.6% AWL1.9% 1.7%3.9%8.5% Other (technical) 7.8% 10.9%15.7%13.3% Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec

2. What Words? AWL sublistCoverage of the Academic Corpus (%) Pages per repetition in the Academic Corpus 1 (60 families)3.6%Once every 4 pages 2 (60 families)1.8%Once every 8 pages 3 (60 families)1.2%12 4 (60 families)0.9%15 5 (60 families)0.8%19 6 (60 families)0.6%24 7 (60 families)0.5%30 8 (60 families)0.3%49 9 (60 families)0.2%67 10 (30 families)0.1%82 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Ave. 400 words per page /lals/resources/academic wordlist/thesublists.aspx Dec

3. Which tools? Tools and Skills: Translating Dictionaries Encounters! Word-lists Graded readers Constant Testing IELP Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec Paul Nation

3. Which tools? Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec Student’s word knowledge:

4. Tutor Help? 17Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011 List-study = OK Tutor’s talk = role- modeling But… Context-guessing = doesn’t work!

4. Tutor’s Help? Context Guess ? No, not unless 95% = known! Study List ? Yes = by collocation Yes = by morphology (AWL) No = by semantic group Casual talking ? No, must Read for University Register Context Guess ? No, not unless 95% = known! Study List ? Yes = by collocation Yes = by morphology (AWL) No = by semantic group Casual talking ? No, must Read for University Register Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec Which methods work?

4. Tutor’s Help? Students should use: – Study Lists + frequent Quiz – Margin notes – Translations – Multiple Encounters – Learner Dictionaries – Internet self-study 19Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec-2011

4. Tutor’s Help? Dictionary Skills – ESSENTIAL – in Constant Use while the are being learned Collocations – Learner Dictionaries required – Need Frequency rank 20 Dec-2011 Vocabulary for IELP Tutors

IELP Proficiency Test? Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec Word ListIELP Proposed Academic Vocabulary Proficiency Exit - Tests GSL Exit test = level-I? GSL Comprehensive test = exit level-2? AWL Sub-lists 1-3Exit test = level-3? AWL Sub-lists 4-6Exit test = Academic Track L-4? AWL Sub-lists 7-8Exit test = Academic Track L-5? AWL Sub-lists 9-10Exit test = Graduate Track L-6? (most likely, Sublists 9-10 will remain as a self-study directive)

References Bauman, J. (1995). General service list. Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL Quarterly, 34, Folse, K. (2004). Vocabulary myths: applying second language research to classroom teaching. Univ. of Michigan Press. Nation, I.S.P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. Cambridge Univ. Press. Nation, I.S.P. [consultant] (2010). Real reading. Longman Publishers. Zimmerman, C. (2008). Word knowledge: a vocabulary teachers handbook. Oxford Univ. Press. Vocabulary for IELP Tutors Dec Barbara Anne Pijan