Issues and Ideas Behind the Revolution Chapter 4 Sections 2 and 3

Proclamation of 1763 Map Page 90 Colonists want to move into lands acquired in French and Indian War All Lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were under control of the British Military and off limits to colonists Colonists ignore line and move west anyway Colonists ignore line and move west anyway

Pontiac’s Rebellion Colonists pose threat to natives Ottawa, Huron, Pottawatomie, etc. destroy almost every English fort west of the Appalachians 2,000 colonists killed or captured 2,000 colonists killed or captured Peace treaties with natives Most tribes make peace by 1765 Most tribes make peace by 1765

Taxes and Acts British people heavily taxed to pay for vast empire British people heavily taxed to pay for vast empire Colonies were prosperous Colonies were prosperous George Grenville wants Colonists to help pay for the war and presence of British troops George Grenville wants Colonists to help pay for the war and presence of British troops Sugar Act (1764) Indirect tax, lowered import tax on sugar Discourage smuggling Quartering Act (1765) Required colonists to house and supply British troops in the Americas

Stamp Act (1765) Direct tax on printed materials England had one since 1694 Stamp Act Congress October 1765 James Otis – “No Taxation Without Representation” Declaration of Rights and Grievances sent to King George III

Sons and Daughters of Liberty Boycott of British goods Boycott of British goods Samuel Adams and others led mobs against the stamp collectors Samuel Adams and others led mobs against the stamp collectors Grenville repealed the act in 1766 Grenville repealed the act in 1766

Townshend Act (1767) Duty on tea and glass Duty on tea and glass Boycott and violence led by Sons of Liberty Boycott and violence led by Sons of Liberty Boston Massacre Boston Massacre March 5, 1770 March 5, 1770 British cancel Townshend Act, except on tea British cancel Townshend Act, except on tea Committees of Correspondence Committees of Correspondence

Tea Act (1773) British East India Company’s monopoly on tea hurt by Colonial boycott British East India Company’s monopoly on tea hurt by Colonial boycott Price of British tea brought below that of Colonial tea (so why protest?) Price of British tea brought below that of Colonial tea (so why protest?) Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773) Boston Tea Party (December 16, 1773)

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts (1774) Focused on Massachusetts Focused on Massachusetts Closed Boston Harbor Closed Boston Harbor Quartering Act Quartering Act Martial Law Martial Law General Thomas Gage made governor General Thomas Gage made governor First Continental Congress September-October delegates from every colony except Georgia (why?) Boycott Development of Colonial militias

Lexington and Concord Militias formed in Massachusetts Militias formed in Massachusetts British soldiers head out to destroy armory in Concord (April 18, 1775) British soldiers head out to destroy armory in Concord (April 18, 1775) Paul Revere, William Davis, and Samuel Prescott ride to warn colonists Paul Revere, William Davis, and Samuel Prescott ride to warn colonists

Lexington Green April 19, 1775 April 19, Colonial militia vs. 700 British troops 70 Colonial militia vs. 700 British troops Someone firesSomeone fires 8 minutemen killed8 minutemen killed Lasted 15 minutesLasted 15 minutes On return from Concord, British meet up with 4,000 militia On return from Concord, British meet up with 4,000 militia

Ideas Behind the Revolution (4.3) Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Thomas Paine’s Common Sense 47 page pamphlet first appearing in Philadelphia in page pamphlet first appearing in Philadelphia in ,000 copies sold in ,000 copies sold in 1776 Writing style was easy for most anyone to understand Writing style was easy for most anyone to understand Called for break with Britain, even if that meant violence Called for break with Britain, even if that meant violence Changed many people’s ideas Changed many people’s ideas

Second Continental Congress Began in May 1775 Began in May 1775 Differing opinions over what to do Differing opinions over what to do Radicals wanted independence Radicals wanted independence Moderates wanted a compromise Moderates wanted a compromise

Olive Branch Petition Written by John Dickinson Written by John Dickinson Showed loyalty to King George III and a want for peace Showed loyalty to King George III and a want for peace King George III rejected it King George III rejected it

Drafting the Declaration Committee chosen to draft a statement of reason for separating from England Committee chosen to draft a statement of reason for separating from England Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Benjamin Franklin Jefferson chosen to draft the declaration Jefferson chosen to draft the declaration Took ideas from the Enlightenment Took ideas from the Enlightenment Drew ideas from John Locke Drew ideas from John Locke

4 parts to the Declaration Introduction (preamble) Introduction (preamble) Declaration of Rights Declaration of Rights Natural rights (inalienable rights) Natural rights (inalienable rights) Life, liberty, and pursuit of property (happiness) Life, liberty, and pursuit of property (happiness) If government fails to protect these rights, then it should be replaced If government fails to protect these rights, then it should be replaced List of Complaints against the king List of Complaints against the king Resolution of independence Resolution of independence

Declaration Adopted Declaration declared on July 2 nd Declaration declared on July 2 nd Congress celebrated freedom on July 8 th Congress celebrated freedom on July 8 th Delegates did not finish signing document till August 30 th Delegates did not finish signing document till August 30 th