Baltimore Polytechnic Institute May 1, 2012 U.S. History Mr. Green

The students will explain how civil rights activism forced President Kennedy to act against segregation by describing the passage of a voting rights act Hand In: Chapter 21 Vocabulary Drill: Read the Personal Voice on page 706 and answer the following questions: 1. Why was King impatient to achieve integration? 2. Why did his son’s question make King even more impatient for change? Motivation: What does it mean to take a stand?

Riding for Freedom Freedom riders Anniston, AL bus attack that ended in a fire bomb exploding the bus-May 4, 1961 New Volunteers SNCC volunteers continued the bus rides, even though they were attacked-RFK called to have the bus driver take the volunteers to Montgomery on May 20 Arrival of Federal Marshalls Riders were to be protected by police, but they never showed up JFK sent 400 U.S. Marshalls ICC banned segregation in all interstate travel facilities

Integrating Ole Miss James Meredith, Air Force Veteran JFK sent Federal Marshals to have Meredith register Heading into Birmingham Fred Shuttlesworth invited MLK to Birmingham Why Birmingham? Read page 706 April 12, 1963 MLK arrested marching in the street May 3, 1963 more marchers Bull Connor used fire hoses and attack dogs Birmingham officials gave in and ended segregation in the city JFK called for a Civil Rights bill on June 11, 1963

MLK and the march on Washington August 28, 1963 September th street Baptist Church bombings killed 4 young African-American girls July 2, 1964-Civil Rights Act of 1964

Freedom Summer of 1964 recruited white college students to help register African-Americans in the South Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney A New Political Party Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Wanted a seat at the 1964 Democratic convention Selma, AL-get African-Americans to register to vote- more than ½ the population but only 3% registered to vote Selma March, March 1965 with tear gas and whips and clubs used by police seen on national TV

Eliminated literacy tests Federal examiners could enroll voters 24 th amendment banned poll taxes

1. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 do? 2. How did the court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson? 3. In what three ways did WWII help set the stage for the modern civil rights movement? 4. Who argued Brown’s case? 5. What did the Brown decision declare? 6. Why did the Court rule as it did in Brown? 7. What organization was formed to support Rosa Parks? 8. What did it do? 9. How did Ike respond to the Little Rock crisis? 10. Who was the president of SCLC? 11. What was SCLC’s purpose? 12. What did SNCC accomplish, and how?

Summarize the events that led to the 1950’s Civil Rights actions in the South.

1. Read Chapter 19 Section 2