Innovative research and first-class higher education? Some general remarks from a librarian Henryk Hollender Lazarski University

The world: concentration of scientific research and technological innovation Tool for evaluation: papers (output, citations) and patents Disclaimer: big data gives rough estimation A global study [1]: papers and patents concentrated in USA, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany and France Papers less concentrated than patents. Conclusion: technological innovation more concentrated than reasearch impact?

More on spatial and temporal factors of concentration Papers and patents less concentrated if the data from the USA excluded Some high-productivity countries are far from listing because of their small size China, Taiwan and Korea following closely: China mostly in papers, Taiwan and Korea in patents USA predominance slowly decreasing, but more so in papers than in patents. Again: link between research productivity and innovation is less direct that we might think

Focus on Europe Sorry, no fresh work (but raw data available in Essential Science Indicators, Thomson Reuters) A study covering [2]: European Union bio- med research producticvity = 76% productivity of the USA (having regard to the number of population) The issue of 2004: if new EU countries are to be included in the calculation, EU bio-med research productivity = 66% productivity of the USA Lower score with each subsequent EU enlargement? Sorry, no fresh estimation but data available: Essential Science Indicators (Thomson Reuters), SCImago Journal and Country Rank (Scopus)

Scimago country

Research – extensive or intensive… CountryDocumentsCitations (million) Citations per document H-index 13. Russian Fed ,66, Netherlands ,123, Sweden ,021, Poland ,98, Czech Republic ,610, Hungary ,412, Iceland123990,225, Latvia121440,089,2194

Another study [3]: papers per inhabitants, [3] 1.Switzerland, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Netherlands, Israel, Australia, … 25. Hungary 26. Poland … 28.Russia … 33. China Small countries with good research policy

Patterns for groups of countries [3] Social Sciences: English-speaking, Netherlands, Israel. Balanced, slight dominance of Physical Science, strong disadvantage for Social Science: France, Italy, Poland, Hungary, India More balanced: German speaking, Finland, Sweden, Denmark; Ireland, Belgium Engineering Science: Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, China Physical Science: Russia and Ukraine

Quantity instead of quality? A view on Poland 1200 or more scholarly journals; lots of lowly- cited research Most of secondary journals: poor circulation, little chance to receive citation, but a publishing opportunity for authors who do not go to highly impactful journals. Will they turn out to be the kindergarten for highly cited authors?

Tasks for the librarian and the university press We cannot affect impact, we can affect visibility/readership: publish in English with a real online version (open access or subscription-based) AND try to get to major bibliographic services What best makes information circulate? – Traditional bibliography – Digital repositories repeating documents already published – Discovery and delivery tools (Primo, EDS, Summon etc.) – Academia.edu – Informal contacts among scholars

Correcting the general view Research output in many countries may be missing from global bibliographic control Science is only global? Not true! „Local research” may result in inspiring works, helping adopt new theories and bridging the gap between innovative and outdated scholarship. What will students read next to expensive handbooks, usually translated? For instance economics: we need shorter attractive books, cases, readable journal articles BazEkon: example of a bibliographic database which – Provides full text wherever possible – Lists references from the article – Lists citations received by the article – User-friendly, teaches information literacy!

My bibliography [1] Mu-Hsuan Huang, Han-Wen Chang, Dar-Zen Chen: The trend of concentration in scientific research and technological innovation: a reduction of the predominant role of the U.S. in world research & technology, Journal of Informatics 6 (2012) p [2] E. Soteriades, M. Falagas: Comparison of amount of biomedical research originating from the European Union and the United States, British Medical Journal 2005, 331, p [3] A.-W. Harzing, A. Giroud: The competitive advantage of nations: an application to academia, Journal of Informetrics, 2014, 8.1, p

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