Parking Instructors: Dr. Yahya Sarraj Dr. Essam Almasri

On –street parking (curb parking) In order to make the best use of the curb lane (near-side lane) it is required to address the following:  Priorities for use  Design and marking  Time limits  Enforcing

On –street parking (curb parking) 1.Priority for use of curb lane  traffic movement  access to adjacent land  storage (parking) of vehicles, priority for: short-time parking disabled persons carpool/vanpool vehicles local resident 2.Design of curb parking spaces

On –street parking (curb parking) 3.Time limits This is established after making studies to prove the need for short term parking (see page 24-3) Length of parkingUsed for 1 hourfor the central portion of a business district 2 hoursnear to 1-hor zones for those who desire to park longer, but walk further 10 to 30 minutesnear banks and post offices 2 to 5 hoursfor residential areas

On –street parking (curb parking) 4.Enforcing curb parking regulations  Method of Patrol  On foot  By 3-wheel motorcycle  Hand-held computer  Time limit enforcement by parking meters pay and display machines towing collection of fines

Off-street parking Off-street parking facilities range from: Car garage in the home To Multi-story garages Off-street parking becomes a necessity wherever the need for vehicle parking exceeds the capacity of on-street parking.

Off-street parking Required Number of off-street parking spaces Financing: The capital and operating costs of off-street parking should be covered. Parking, like any other service, must be paid for. Who should pay? A question that is not easily answered. Some say that costs should be paid by the government Others say it should be paid for by beneficiaries.

Off-street parking Beneficiaries include:  The parker  The traffic generators who attract travelers  The community

Off-street parking Airport Parking and loading Airport parking is quite different from other areas. Some airports has 10,000 spaces Others has 29,000 spaces Revenue = $1,160 – $3850 per space More than needed to pay for capital and operating costs.

Off-Street Parking Design Introduction: Off-street parking is an important part of the transportation system. It is an efficient means of storing vehicles while they aren’t in use, and it causes little disruption to the neighboring roadways. Additionally, since parking is the terminal or destination for a trip, the availability of off-street parking can affect the attractiveness of destinations as well as transportation modes. The attractiveness of a destination is reduced if there is a delay or difficulty in parking. The use of transit systems is increased in areas where parking is scarce. To be efficient, the transportation system must include adequate parking facilities at all places that attract trips. In this project, an area of land inside the Islamic University of Gaza will be designed as an off-street park.

Off-Street Parking Design Parking Facility Design Process Studies must be conducted to collect the required information about the capacity and use of existing parking facilities. In addition, information about the demand for parking is needed The goal in designing off-street parking facilities is to maximize the number of spaces provided, while allowing vehicles to park with only one distinct maneuver.

Off-Street Parking Design There are a number of things that one should think about during the design process, like: 1.Vehicle enters from street (space provided by entry driveway). 2.Vehicle searches for a parking stall (space provided by circulation and /or access aisles). 3.Vehicle enters the stall (space provided by the access aisle). 4.Vehicle is parked (stall designed to accommodate the vehicle’s length and width plus space to open vehicle doors).

Off-Street Parking Design 5.Pedestrians access the building or destination (usually via the aisles). 6.Vehicle exits the parking stall (space provided by the access aisle). 7.Vehicle searches for an exit (space provided by the access and circulation aisles). 8.Vehicle enters the street network (space provided by the exit driveways).

Off-Street Parking Design Note that one of the main design considerations is determining the car dimensions, in this project the European dimensions will be considered, which gives the following dimensions:

Off-Street Parking Design The first maneuver that a parking vehicle will make involves leaving the street and entering the off- street parking lot. This maneuver, while simple, requires some careful thought by the parking lot designer. The entrance to the parking must be able to handle the entering traffic without forcing vehicles to wait in the street, because stagnant vehicles will reduce the capacity of the adjacent street. To avoid conflicts with other traffic, entrances should be located as far from intersections and conflict points as possible. Multiple entrances may ease access and reduce restriction on the adjacent roadways.

Off-Street Parking Design The last maneuver that a vehicle will make in a parking facility involves leaving the facility and entering the adjacent street network. Inefficiencies in this part of the parking process can lead to reduced capacity in both the parking facility and the adjacent street network.

Off-Street Parking Design Location: Area in the Islamic university. Location Description:  The area has a nearly trapezoidal shape.  The street that faces the area is 9.8m wide.

Off-Street Parking Design Assumptions for design: The European dimensions will be used in the design. The street that faces the area will be considered a one way street. All the streets inside the parking area will be assumed also one way street with a width of 7m. The vehicle dimensions are 2.5 x 4.75m. All the areas which can't be used for parking or for the median will be planted to add an aesthetic view, and to be used to drain the storm water into it.

Off-Street Parking Design Assumptions for design: The area will be paved with interlock. Between each two cars a small tree will be planted. In the part that is near the curb where the cars park, a shallow area will be vegetated or planted to drain the water. In order to obtain the maximum number of spaces, the first trials will concentrate on the perpendicular 90° parking angle. One entrance and one exit is found. The entrance is 7m, which is the same width of the street.

Off-Street Parking Design Design: Many trials were made to obtain the layout which gives the maximum number of spaces, see appendix A. After performing the trials, the following layout was chosen. This layout mainly considers the 90° parking angle, and in places where the area could not accommodate 90°, parallel parking is used.

Off-Street Parking Design Design:

Off-Street Parking Design Calculations: (58.17)² = (45.21)² + (28.25)² -2(45.21)(28.25) cos α → α = ˚. (58.17)² = (38.83)² + (46.20)² -2(38.83)(46.20) cos β → β = 85.9˚ For the right side of the area: A length of 2m was left for planting – 2 = 44.2m → 44.2/2.3 =19 stalls Two stalls were removed to allow the cars at the bottom curb to move easily. SO 17 stalls are found on the right curb.

Off-Street Parking Design For the left side of the area: A length of 1m was left for planting – 1 = 44.21m → 44.2/2.3 =19 stalls Two stalls were removed to allow the cars at the bottom curb to move easily. SO 17 stalls are found on the left curb. For the bottom of the area: After drawing the area on the AUTOCAD, and dividing the stalls, it was found that for the bottom are there are 8 stalls.

Off-Street Parking Design For the middle of the area: Note that the width of the street was kept the same, so the width of the will differ. Using the Autocad. → No. of stalls = 26stalls. TOTAL number of stalls = 68 stall.

Off-Street Parking Design Conclusion: After performing different trials to get the layout which gives the maximum number of spaces, it was found that using the 90° parking angle will always give the maximum number of spaces. So, if the given area is enough to use 90° always make it your first choice, and if the area it not enough, try to use the 90° where available and in the rest of the area use other parking angles.

APPENDIX

Appendix A Trial number two: Left side = 17 stalls Right side = 17 stalls Bottom = 8 stalls Around the median = 22 Total = = 64 stal