1. Lec 10, Ch.4, pp.121-127: Parking studies (objectives)
Understand parking planning is an integral part of transportation planning
Know the definition of parking terms
Learn the methodology of parking studies
Learn how to find out space requirements for a parking garage

2. What we cover today in class…
Why do we need to conduct parking studies
Types of parking facilities
Definition of terms related to parking studies
Steps of parking studies
Steps of analyzing parking data

3. Parking needs

4. Types of parking facilities
On-street parking facilities:
Parking bays alongside the curb
Question: What kind of parking do we have in downtown Provo?
Off-street parking facilities:
Private vs. Public
Surface lots vs. garages
Self-parking vs. attendant-parking

5. Definitions of parking terms
Space-hour
A unit of parking defining the use of a single parking space for a period of 1 hr.
Parking volume
The total number of vehicles that park in a study area during specific length of time (usually a day)
Parking accumulation
The number of parked vehicles in a study are at any specified time.
Parking load
The area under the accumulation curve between two specific times. (space-hours)
Parking duration
The length of time a vehicle is parked at a parking bay.
Parking turnover
The rate of use of a parking space. Divide the parking volume for a specified period by the number of parking spaces.

6. Four steps of parking studies
Inventory of existing parking facilities
Collection of data on parking accumulation, parking turnover, and parking duration
Identification of parking generators
Collection of information on parking demand

7. Info included in parking studies
Parker characteristics (when, where, why and how many people park)
Parking supply characteristics (number, location and cost of spaces, who provides and how spaces are controlled and used)
Parking needs for new or existing developments

8. Demand Factors
Changes in population, motor vehicle registrations, and travel
Changes in CBD employment, floor space, new economic activity generators and loss of existing generators, competition from outlying areas
Economic factors relating to a specific parking project (competitive price changes, subsidies, development of competitive parking facilities)
Change in public transit availability, service and usage, or other changes in CBD accessibility
Public policies regarding parking and transit
Technology or science affecting transportation, new laws and regulations affecting motor travel, energy or fuel shortages, and community and national economic health

9. Inventory of existing parking facilities
Type and number of parking spaces
Times of operation and limit on duration of parking
Type of ownership
Parking fees
Restrictions on use
Other restrictions (near bus stop, fire hydrant)
Probable degree of permanency

10. Collection of parking data
Accumulation – checked about every 2-hr basis
Turnover and (max permissible) duration
No. of parked cars
Demand fluctuates.
Time of day
T = (No. of different vehicles parked)/ (No. of parking spaces)

11. Identification of parking generators
Spacial distribution, size of parking generators (trip attraction facilities), and available transportation modes affect the level of parking demand.

12. If you get 30% back, you are really fortunate.
Parking demand survey
Interview drivers on a typical weekday between 8:00 am and 10:00 pm.
Or, give drivers a survey form
Destination after parking
Trip purpose
Trip origin
Arrival and departure
Vehicle type

13. Analysis of parking data
No. and duration for vehicles legally parked
No. and duration for vehicles illegally parked
Space-hours of demand for parking
Supply of parking facilities

14. Parking demand estimation
Class
N (= 2 here)
Average duration ti
No. of vehicles ni
Commuter
9 hrs
120
Shopper
2 hrs 80
D = space vehicle-hours demand for a specific period of time (usually the duration the parking facility is open)
N = number of classes of parking duration ranges (commuters, shoppers, business meetings, etc.“Class” means grouping of purpose and parking durations)
ti = midparking (meaning “average” here) duration of the i-th class.
ni = number of vehicles parked for the i-th duration range (meaning “class”)

15. Parking supply estimation
10hrs
j = 1, 2, 3,…
Simply stated: S = f*tave/space*M
S = practical number of space-hours of supply for a specific period of time
M = number of parking spaces available
tj = total length of time in hours when the j-th space can be legally parked on during the specific period
f = efficiency factor to take into account the time lost during turnovers