Reproduction

Reproductive Terminology Castration Removing the testicles of male animals to prevent breeding Colostrum The first milk produced after a mammal gives birth that contains antibodies needed for immunity Conception The time when an egg is fertilized to create new life

Elastor Castrator

Burdizzo Castrator

Surgical Castration

Reproductive Terminology Embryo The early stage in the development of the fetus Estrus The time a female animal is receptive to be bred, also called heat Fertilization The union of sperm and egg

Embryonic Development

Reproductive Terminology Gamete A mature germ cell (sperm or egg) that is capable of initiating the formation of a new individual by fusion with another gamete Gestation The time an animal is pregnant

Reproductive Terminology Insemination The act of placing sperm in the reproductive tract of a female Lactation The period of time that milk is secreted by the mammary glands Ovulation The release of a mature ovum by the ovary

Artificial Insemination

Artificial Insemination Percent of Animals Born Via AI

Reproductive Terminology Parturition The act of giving birth by female mammals Pregnant The condition in which a female carries unborn young Reproduction The process by which offspring are produced

Breeding Systems Purebred Crossbreeding Mating registered male and female of the same breed Angus x Angus Crossbreeding Mating a male and female of different breeds Angus x Hereford = crossbred Crossbred x Purebred =crossbred Crossbred x Crossbred= crossbred

Breeding Systems Inbreeding Linebreeding Mating closely related animals Brother X Sister Son x Mother Father x Daughter Linebreeding Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding, can be traced back to one common ancestor Cousin X Cousin

Breeding Systems Grading Up Hybrid Vigor Mating purebred males to grade, unregistered or crossbred females to improve herd Yorkshire Boar x Yorkshire/Hampshire Sow Hybrid Vigor Superior traits come from crossbreeding causing the offspring to have traits better than either parent

Female Reproductive System Ovary Organ that produces eggs and the two female sex hormones Ovum Female gamete or reproductive cell; also called an egg Oviduct The tube that carries the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; also called the Fallopian tubes Fertilization occurs here

Female Reproductive System Infundibulum The funnel-shaped end of the oviduct that is close to the ovary Uterine Horn The points where the uterus and the uterine tubes meet Uterus Where the fetus grows; also called the womb

Female Reproductive System Cervix The thick muscular neck of the uterus, which separates the uterus from the vagina Vagina The passage between the cervix and the vulva Semen is most often deposited here Vulva The external opening of the female reproductive and urinary systems

Female Reproductive System Embryo develops inside the females body Gestation periods Cattle 283 days Swine 114 days Sheep 148 days Horses 336 days

Female Reproductive System-Sow Uterine Horn Ovary Oviduct Infundibulum Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva Clitoris

Female Reproductive System-Cow Uterus Ovary Oviduct Uterine Horn Bladder Vulva Vagina Rectum Cervix

Ovum Ovary Infundibulum Oviduct Uterine Horn Bladder Uterus Cervix Vagina Vulva

Female Poultry Reproductive System Left Ovary The functional organ that produces ovum Right Ovary The non-functional organ Yolk The ovum produced in the left ovary Oviduct A five part organ that develops the layers of the egg

Female Poultry Reproductive System Infundibulum Fertilization occurs here Magnum The thick white (albumen) of the egg is secreted Isthmus The two shell membranes are added to the egg

Female Poultry Reproductive System Uterus Secretes the thin white shell and shell pigment Vagina Holds the egg until it is laid Cloaca Egg passes through Semen is deposited here Vent Egg passes out of the body Outside opening of the hen

Female Poultry Reproductive System Embryo develops outside the females body Incubation periods Chicken 21 Days Turkey 28 Days Duck

Female Poultry Reproductive System Ovary Ovum Mature Ovum Infundibulum Oviduct Isthmus Magnum Uterus Vagina Rectum Vent Cloaca Right Ovary

Male Reproductive System Scrotum The sac like structure outside the body cavity that contains the testicles and epididymis Testicles Organs that produce sperm cells Epididymis A long, coiled tube that is connected to each testicle Sperm matures here

Male Reproductive System Vas Deferens The tube that connects the epididymis with the urethra Provides the passageway for sperm cells Seminal Vesicles Produces fluid that protects and transports sperm Prostate Gland Produces a fluid that mixes with the seminal fluid

Male Reproductive System Cowper’s Gland Produces a fluid that moves ahead of the seminal fluid, cleaning and neutralizing the urethra Retractor Muscle Extends the penis from the sheath and draws it back in after copulation Sigmoid Flexure Extends the penis from the sheath for copulation

Male Reproductive System Urethra Tube that connects penis to vas deferens and bladder Releases seminal fluid and urine Penis Contains the urethra and deposits sperm into the female reproductive tract Sheath A tubular fold of skin that covers and protects the penis

Male Reproductive System Accessory Sex Glands Produce fluid to protect and carry sperm Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Sperm must be kept at a specific temperature to survive The testicles raise and lower from the body cavity to keep a constant temperature

Male Reproductive System-Bull Cowper’s Gland Prostate Gland Seminal Vesicles Vas Deferens Penis Sheath Epididymus Testicles Scrotum Sigmoid Flexure Retractor Muscle

Rectum Seminal Vesicles Bladder Prostate Gland Cowper’s Gland Epididymis Testicle Urethra Retractor Muscle Penis Sigmoid Flexure Vas Deferens Scrotum Sheath

Male Poultry Reproductive System Testicles Organs that produce sperm cells Vas Deferens Tube that connects the testicles to the cloaca Cloaca Contains papilla Papilla Organ in the cloacal wall that secretes semen

Male Poultry Reproductive System The testicles in poultry are located inside the body cavity near the spine Poultry do not have a penis, instead they have papilla inside the cloaca which secretes semen

Male Poultry Reproductive System Testicles Kidneys Ureters Vas Deferens Papilla Cloaca