2  World oil reserves  U.S. owns 2-3%  U.S. uses 25% The Importance of Energy Independence

3  Rising petroleum prices  Volatility of petroleum market  Emissions and air quality  Environment  Health  Energy Independence

4 About the U.S. DOE Clean Cities Program  Advance U.S.  Economic security  Environmental security  Energy security  Support local petroleum reduction  U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy’s Vehicle Technologies Program  90 volunteer coalitions

5  Promotion of  Advanced technology vehicles  Fuel blends  Fuel economy  Hybrid vehicles  Idle reduction  Coalition activities  Stimulate local economies  Facilitate adoption of new transportation technologies  Make communities cleaner, healthier places to live

6 Figure 1: Clean Cities coalition locations. Source: DOE.

7 National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium (NAFTC)  Programs to reduce dependence on oil  Only nationwide alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicle training organization in U.S.  Provides training infrastructure  Increase nation’s energy security, lessen dependence on petroleum, improve air quality  Network of National Training Centers (NTCs)  Clean Cities Learning Program (CCLP)

8 Reducing Petroleum Consumption  Petroleum = most consumed energy source in U.S.  About half of petroleum used is imported  U.S. spends  $5.7 billion per week on petroleum imports  $297 billion per year on petroleum imports

9 Figure 2: Primary energy consumption by major source, 1949, Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

10 Figure 3: End-use shares of total energy consumption, Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

11 Figure 4: Primary energy consumption by source and sector, Source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2011.

12 Reducing Emissions  Air quality/human health  Increased “green” job opportunities  Economic growth possibilities

13 Figure 5: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4 th Assessment.

14 Figure 6: Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in Source: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change 4 th Assessment.

15 Figure 7: Major regulated tailpipe emissions. Source: NAFTC.

16  Federal Requirements  CAFE  Seeks to raise fuel economy standards  Started during 1973 Oil Embargo  Energy Policy Act of 1992  Reduce U.S. dependence on foreign petroleum  Improve air quality  Use of alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles  DOE Clean Cities Program  Federal, state agencies The Need for Alternative Fuels and Advanced Technology Vehicles

17 Figure 8: CAFE fuel economy standards for passenger cars. Source: NHTSA.

18 The Energy Policy Act of 1992 defines alternative fuels as,  “…methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols; blends of 85% or more alcohol with gasoline (E85); natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas; liquefied petroleum gas (propane); hydrogen; electricity; biodiesel (B100); coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels other than alcohol, derived from biological materials; P-Series fuels (added to the definition in 1999).”

19  Energy Policy Act of 1992 was amended by  The Energy Conservation Reauthorization Act of 1998  The Energy Policy Act of 2005  The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007  The National Defense Authorization Act of 2008  Executive Orders 13149, 13423, and  Added provisions for new technologies  Added requirements for federal fleets

20 State and Local Requirements  State requirements for fleets  Differing local regulations  Regulations depend upon state, county, municipality, city

21 Consumer Acceptance  Vehicle support groups:  Current and prospective users  Vehicle and component manufacturers  Fuels industry representatives  Government officials  Automotive service technicians  Groups must be informed  Education, outreach, training

22  Reduced petroleum consumption  Commonality of vehicles  Familiarity with fuels and technologies Figure 9: Toyota Prius, the first modern hybrid electric vehicle commonly found on today’s roadways. Source: Toyota.

Did You Know? 23 The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that, in the near future, alternative fuel and advanced technology vehicles will comprise more than 20% of the light- duty vehicles in the United States.

24 Consumer Demand  Factors peaking consumer interest:  Higher conventional fuel costs  More vehicle options  Improved technology and reliability  Increased concern for the environment  Combination of technologies  New vehicle applications

25  Increase in AFVs on the road  By 2015, HEVs = 7% of U.S. vehicle market  OEM alternative fuel applications  Alternative fuel conversions  Adaptations to changing market demands

26 Figure 10: Alternative fuel vehicles in use ( ). Source: AFDC. Note: The graph does not include concept or demonstration vehicles.

27  Rising fuel prices create demand, wider availability  Lower EPA emissions regulations, increased CAFE standards  Consumers must accept new technologies  Benefits to health, environment, economy, energy security Summary