Voting 15 th Amendment and Civil Rights in the 1960”s
15 th Amendment The right to vote can not be denied any citizen of the United States because of race, color or previous condition of servitude Must be enforced
Voting prevented Threat of Violence Withholding credit or opportunities Literacy tests Poll taxes Gerrymandering- Drawing electoral districts to limit the strength of a particular group (White Primaries) Only party members allowed to vote in primaries (private group and blacks were excluded)
Court rulings Outlawed gerrymandering for purpose of racial discrimination Courts only acted when suits were filed
Civil rights legislation Acts of 1957 and Acts of 1957-Created commission of Civil Rights-inquire into claims of voter discrimination-gave Att General power seek court orders Civil rights act of1960-appointment of federal voting referees
Civil rights act of 1964 Outlaws discrimination jobs, voter registration or literacy requirements used unfairly Use of injunction or (court order) forcing or restraining an action
Voting rights act of 1965 Applied to all elections nationwide Temporary but extended to 2031 Eliminated state poll taxes and literacy tests Voting examiners Preclearance of voting laws by Department of Justice
Challenges Polling locations Boundaries of districts Deadlines of election process Shift to at large elections from district/precinct/ward Candidate qualifications
Amendment of 1970 Expanded time frame and States needing examiners and those not
1960’s Struggle for equality and voting rights in America ID=226899