The Spanish Colonies Mr. Smith

Battles over Claims / The cross was a sign that the land had been claimed / No one was left to protect the claim / Often more than one country would claim the same land / Spain was the first country that formed colonies to protect its lands / Mexico City was the capital of New Spain / The cross was a sign that the land had been claimed / No one was left to protect the claim / Often more than one country would claim the same land / Spain was the first country that formed colonies to protect its lands / Mexico City was the capital of New Spain

New Spain / Discovery of gold and silver increased the number of people to settle in New Spain / Others came to start plantation / In order to mine gold and silver and to grow crops, American Indians were forced into slavery / Discovery of gold and silver increased the number of people to settle in New Spain / Others came to start plantation / In order to mine gold and silver and to grow crops, American Indians were forced into slavery

New Spain, cont. / Many thousand of Indians died from hunger, disease and overwork as slaves / Bartolome de Las Casas, a landowner, became concerned with how the Indians were treated and freed his slaves / As more Indians died, Africans were brought to work as slaves / Many thousand of Indians died from hunger, disease and overwork as slaves / Bartolome de Las Casas, a landowner, became concerned with how the Indians were treated and freed his slaves / As more Indians died, Africans were brought to work as slaves

Settling the Borderlands / Spanish soldiers built presidios in the borderlands / In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles built the first permanent settlement in St. Augustine / Spain’s main aim in settling the borderlands was to protect its empire / Spanish king sent missionaries to convert American Indians to Christianity / Spanish soldiers built presidios in the borderlands / In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles built the first permanent settlement in St. Augustine / Spain’s main aim in settling the borderlands was to protect its empire / Spanish king sent missionaries to convert American Indians to Christianity

Settling the Borderlands, cont. / Missionaries built missions, religious settlements / Some settlers built large estates, know as haciendas, in the borderlands / The Spanish and the animals that brought changed life for many Indian groups / Horses had the most dramatic affect on Indian life / Missionaries built missions, religious settlements / Some settlers built large estates, know as haciendas, in the borderlands / The Spanish and the animals that brought changed life for many Indian groups / Horses had the most dramatic affect on Indian life

The Virginia Colony Mr. Smith

The Lost Colony / Queen Elizabeth of England told her sea captains to attach Spanish treasure ships / England, like many of its European neighbors, wanted to set up colonies around the world / In 1584, Queen Elizabeth told Walter Raleigh to set up a colony in North America / In1585, Raleigh sent 100 colonists to Roanoke Island, in an area he named Virginia / Queen Elizabeth of England told her sea captains to attach Spanish treasure ships / England, like many of its European neighbors, wanted to set up colonies around the world / In 1584, Queen Elizabeth told Walter Raleigh to set up a colony in North America / In1585, Raleigh sent 100 colonists to Roanoke Island, in an area he named Virginia

The Lost Colony, cont. / Colonists did not stay long and returned to England when supplies ran low / In 1587, John White let another group of settlers to Roanoke Island / Supplies ran low, White returned to England for supplies. When he came back three years later, the settlers were gone / Roanoke became known as the Lost Colony / Colonists did not stay long and returned to England when supplies ran low / In 1587, John White let another group of settlers to Roanoke Island / Supplies ran low, White returned to England for supplies. When he came back three years later, the settlers were gone / Roanoke became known as the Lost Colony

Jamestown / Merchants set up the Virginia Company / In 1607, 105 colonists built a settlement called Jamestown / Location was a poor choice because the land was low and swampy / Colonists did not plant or hunt for food and over half died in the first winter / Merchants set up the Virginia Company / In 1607, 105 colonists built a settlement called Jamestown / Location was a poor choice because the land was low and swampy / Colonists did not plant or hunt for food and over half died in the first winter

Jamestown, cont. / Captain John Smith, the leader, made a rule; anyone who did not work, did not eat / Colonists and conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy, the local American Indians tribes located in Virginia / Legend claims that Pocahontas save Captain Smith’s life after he was captured / For a short period the groups cooperated by traded goods / Captain John Smith, the leader, made a rule; anyone who did not work, did not eat / Colonists and conflicts with the Powhatan Confederacy, the local American Indians tribes located in Virginia / Legend claims that Pocahontas save Captain Smith’s life after he was captured / For a short period the groups cooperated by traded goods

Growth and Change / Every year many people died, but Jamestown grew because more colonist arrived every year / Tobacco, not gold, made Jamestown successful / By 1613, John Rolfe found a West Indian tobacco that became popular in England / Colonist growing tobacco as a cash crop / Every year many people died, but Jamestown grew because more colonist arrived every year / Tobacco, not gold, made Jamestown successful / By 1613, John Rolfe found a West Indian tobacco that became popular in England / Colonist growing tobacco as a cash crop

Growth and Change, cont. / Virginia Company offered to pay for passage in exchange for work without pay / People who took this offer were known as indentured servants / In 1619, the first Africans arrived, not known if they were indentured servants or slaves / In time Virginia’s economy relied more on enslaved workers / Virginia Company offered to pay for passage in exchange for work without pay / People who took this offer were known as indentured servants / In 1619, the first Africans arrived, not known if they were indentured servants or slaves / In time Virginia’s economy relied more on enslaved workers

Early Government / By 1619, the Virginia Colony had more than 1,000 colonists / Colonists set up a legislature to create laws and maintain order / Virginia’s legislature was called the House of Burgesses / Only men who owned land could vote or hold office / Women, indentured servants and slaves could not vote or hold office / By 1619, the Virginia Colony had more than 1,000 colonists / Colonists set up a legislature to create laws and maintain order / Virginia’s legislature was called the House of Burgesses / Only men who owned land could vote or hold office / Women, indentured servants and slaves could not vote or hold office

Powhatan Wars / In 1622, Powhatans attack and kill more than 340 colonists / Colonists fought back and eventually took over the remaining land of the Powhatans / The war and the debts of the Virginia Company led King James I to take over / King James I appointed a governor to run the colony / In 1622, Powhatans attack and kill more than 340 colonists / Colonists fought back and eventually took over the remaining land of the Powhatans / The war and the debts of the Virginia Company led King James I to take over / King James I appointed a governor to run the colony

The Plymouth Colony Mr. Smith

The Pilgrim’s Journey / John Smith wrote a book called A Description of New England / People who read his book wanted to move there to make money and others for religious reasons / Years prior King Henry VIII banned the Catholic Church and created the Church of England / Everyone in England had to belong to the church or be punished / John Smith wrote a book called A Description of New England / People who read his book wanted to move there to make money and others for religious reasons / Years prior King Henry VIII banned the Catholic Church and created the Church of England / Everyone in England had to belong to the church or be punished

The Pilgrim’s Journey, cont. / Some English people, known as Separatist, moved to the Netherlands / In time Separatist became known as Pilgrims / The Virginia Company agreed to pay the Pilgrims passage to North America in return for lumber and furs / In 1620, Pilgrims left England on a ship called the Mayflower / Some English people, known as Separatist, moved to the Netherlands / In time Separatist became known as Pilgrims / The Virginia Company agreed to pay the Pilgrims passage to North America in return for lumber and furs / In 1620, Pilgrims left England on a ship called the Mayflower

Mayflower Compact / The Mayflower landed at Cape Cod / To keep order all the men aboard the Mayflower signed a compact / The Mayflower Compact gave all who signed the right to share in making laws / The Mayflower Compact was a new idea of self-government and included the idea of majority rule / The Mayflower landed at Cape Cod / To keep order all the men aboard the Mayflower signed a compact / The Mayflower Compact gave all who signed the right to share in making laws / The Mayflower Compact was a new idea of self-government and included the idea of majority rule

Building a Colony / In the first winter 50 of the 102 settlers who reached Cape Cod died / In the spring the survivors met Samoset and later Tisquantum, or Squanto / Tisquantum showed the colonist how to fish and plant crops / He also help the colonist trade for furs from neighboring Indian tribes / In the first winter 50 of the 102 settlers who reached Cape Cod died / In the spring the survivors met Samoset and later Tisquantum, or Squanto / Tisquantum showed the colonist how to fish and plant crops / He also help the colonist trade for furs from neighboring Indian tribes

Plymouth Grows / In the beginning little food was available so the harvest was divided equally among families / In 1623, the leaders decided to divide the land among the colonist and they begin to prosper from farming, fishing and fur trading / As new colonist arrive, earlier colonist had extra goods ready to trade / After 1630, English colonists began to settle other parts of New England and push the Indians off their lands / In the beginning little food was available so the harvest was divided equally among families / In 1623, the leaders decided to divide the land among the colonist and they begin to prosper from farming, fishing and fur trading / As new colonist arrive, earlier colonist had extra goods ready to trade / After 1630, English colonists began to settle other parts of New England and push the Indians off their lands

The French and the Dutch Mr. Smith

New France / France claimed land in present day Canada and the northern United States / In the early 1500’s Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River / In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec / In the 1630’s French Catholic missionaries began arriving / France claimed land in present day Canada and the northern United States / In the early 1500’s Jacques Cartier explored the St. Lawrence River / In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec / In the 1630’s French Catholic missionaries began arriving

New France, cont. / Because missionaries and fur traders lived with the Indians they did not build permanent settlements / In the 1600s, France only built 2 permanent settlements in North America, Quebec and Montreal / Because missionaries and fur traders lived with the Indians they did not build permanent settlements / In the 1600s, France only built 2 permanent settlements in North America, Quebec and Montreal

New Netherland / The Dutch began building settlements along the Hudson river / The Dutch aim in establishing settlements was to gain profit from the sale of furs to Europe / In 1621, the Dutch West India Company gained control over all fur trade areas in New Netherland / The Dutch began building settlements along the Hudson river / The Dutch aim in establishing settlements was to gain profit from the sale of furs to Europe / In 1621, the Dutch West India Company gained control over all fur trade areas in New Netherland

New Netherland, cont. / In 1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the Indians / During the same year the Dutch began laying out a town and called it New Amsterdam / New Amsterdam was built on a harbor where the Hudson River flowed into the Atlantic Ocean, the location was good for trade / In 1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the Indians / During the same year the Dutch began laying out a town and called it New Amsterdam / New Amsterdam was built on a harbor where the Hudson River flowed into the Atlantic Ocean, the location was good for trade

New Netherland, cont. / In 1638, Swedish settles founded New Sweden just south of New Netherland / In the late 1630s, conflict with Indians increased because more land was cleared for farming / Colonist and Indians began attacking each other / In 1645, after many colonist and Indians were killed, a peace treaty was signed / In 1638, Swedish settles founded New Sweden just south of New Netherland / In the late 1630s, conflict with Indians increased because more land was cleared for farming / Colonist and Indians began attacking each other / In 1645, after many colonist and Indians were killed, a peace treaty was signed

Exploring New France / As English and Dutch colonist move into New France, settlers fought over the fur trade / Internecine, or conflicts, began among the Huron and Iroquois Indians over land / Huron were allies with the French / Iroquois were allies with the English and Dutch / As English and Dutch colonist move into New France, settlers fought over the fur trade / Internecine, or conflicts, began among the Huron and Iroquois Indians over land / Huron were allies with the French / Iroquois were allies with the English and Dutch

Exploring New France, cont. / Fighting among the groups almost wiped out the Huron and destroyed the fur trade

A Colony and a Capital