POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN BARANGAY CAPTAINS IN CEBU CITY POLITICAL LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN BARANGAY CAPTAINS IN CEBU CITY IRENE R. MAMAC, KRISTIAN ERVING L. CAUMERAN, ERIC N. AWI, ARDILYN C. ABATAYO, NAMELY A. ALON AB Political Science Batch 2010 IRENE R. MAMAC, KRISTIAN ERVING L. CAUMERAN, ERIC N. AWI, ARDILYN C. ABATAYO, NAMELY A. ALON AB Political Science Batch 2010

In the entire course of world history, society witnessed how men made decisions and affected the direction of world order. But inasmuch as men are directed into the spotlight, women made actions that crafted men’s way of thinking, therefore women’s actions make a change. History itself is rich in examples of women who made great impact and partially, with men, dictated the world order. It teaches us those female leaders who gain or inherit powers, makes new pedestal. They also changed female stereotyping as weak and soft to hardcore persona. Female leaders are also capable of declaring war as fierce as male decisions.

Theoretical Background This study is anchored on the ff. theories: Zepatos, et al., (1994), what makes female dominant in a patriarchal world society politics is that there is a difference between male and female leadership. Three of these distinctions are: women uses power with, not power over, significance and distinctiveness of perspectives and issues, and thinking of “no simple solutions to complex problems”. This study is anchored on the ff. theories: Zepatos, et al., (1994), what makes female dominant in a patriarchal world society politics is that there is a difference between male and female leadership. Three of these distinctions are: women uses power with, not power over, significance and distinctiveness of perspectives and issues, and thinking of “no simple solutions to complex problems”.

Henderson (2000) ….female leaders such as Mariam Rajavi of Iran, Catherine the Great of Russia, Elizabeth I, Queen Victoria of England and Margaret Thatcher of Great Britain, Indira Gandhi of India showed male characteristics of being fearless and warlike… Henderson (2000) ….female leaders such as Mariam Rajavi of Iran, Catherine the Great of Russia, Elizabeth I, Queen Victoria of England and Margaret Thatcher of Great Britain, Indira Gandhi of India showed male characteristics of being fearless and warlike… Theoretical Background

Waters (as cited by Parsons, 1994) … women perform expressive tasks. There is also the possibility for women to excel and dominate in certain spheres monopolized by men and “more and more women actively participate in functions and activities that are not domestically related”. Waters (as cited by Parsons, 1994) … women perform expressive tasks. There is also the possibility for women to excel and dominate in certain spheres monopolized by men and “more and more women actively participate in functions and activities that are not domestically related”. Theoretical Background

This study described the political leadership women Barangay Captains (Punong Barangay) in selected barangays in Cebu City. The study further sought to answer the following queries: 1. What is the profile of the women Punong Barangay in tyerms of: 1.1 age; 1.2 civil status; 1.3 educational achievement; 1.4 no. of years in service? 2. What is the leadership style of the women leaders in the aspect of: 2.1 Exercising Power; and 2.2 Decision-making 3. What is the impact of their political leadership as perceived by their staff and constituents? This study described the political leadership women Barangay Captains (Punong Barangay) in selected barangays in Cebu City. The study further sought to answer the following queries: 1. What is the profile of the women Punong Barangay in tyerms of: 1.1 age; 1.2 civil status; 1.3 educational achievement; 1.4 no. of years in service? 2. What is the leadership style of the women leaders in the aspect of: 2.1 Exercising Power; and 2.2 Decision-making 3. What is the impact of their political leadership as perceived by their staff and constituents? The Problem

Research Methodology

Research Design qualitative – quantitative method Research Environment Barangays with women Brgy. Captains Brgys. Banilad, Kinasang-an, Lahug & Brgy. Luz Research Subjects 4 Women Brgy. Captains (Punong Barangay) – purposive sampling Research Respondents Brgy. personnel and constituents selected by convenience sampling Research Instrument Researcher – made instrument and interview schedules

FINDNIGS

Findings Most women Punong Barangay are college graduates. One finished Bachelor of Laws while 1 was not able to finish his college degree. Relatively, these leaders are well educated;Most women Punong Barangay are college graduates. One finished Bachelor of Laws while 1 was not able to finish his college degree. Relatively, these leaders are well educated; As to political leadership style, the woman Brgy. Captain of Banilad uses authoritative style in exercising power but applies participative style in decision making;As to political leadership style, the woman Brgy. Captain of Banilad uses authoritative style in exercising power but applies participative style in decision making; Women leaders of both Brgy. Kinasang-an and Lahug employs delegative style in exercising power and decision making while Brgy. Luz employs participative style of leadership to her constituents and personnel;Women leaders of both Brgy. Kinasang-an and Lahug employs delegative style in exercising power and decision making while Brgy. Luz employs participative style of leadership to her constituents and personnel; Most women Punong Barangay are college graduates. One finished Bachelor of Laws while 1 was not able to finish his college degree. Relatively, these leaders are well educated;Most women Punong Barangay are college graduates. One finished Bachelor of Laws while 1 was not able to finish his college degree. Relatively, these leaders are well educated; As to political leadership style, the woman Brgy. Captain of Banilad uses authoritative style in exercising power but applies participative style in decision making;As to political leadership style, the woman Brgy. Captain of Banilad uses authoritative style in exercising power but applies participative style in decision making; Women leaders of both Brgy. Kinasang-an and Lahug employs delegative style in exercising power and decision making while Brgy. Luz employs participative style of leadership to her constituents and personnel;Women leaders of both Brgy. Kinasang-an and Lahug employs delegative style in exercising power and decision making while Brgy. Luz employs participative style of leadership to her constituents and personnel;

Constituents of Brgy. Banilad agreed that it is okay for their woman local leader to employ authoritative leadership style if deemed necessary;Constituents of Brgy. Banilad agreed that it is okay for their woman local leader to employ authoritative leadership style if deemed necessary; They are contented with her decision making strategies and her delegative style of leadership specifically in exercising power and decision making;They are contented with her decision making strategies and her delegative style of leadership specifically in exercising power and decision making; On the contrary, the Brgy. Capt. of Banilad claimed that she employs participative style of leadership to her constitunets;On the contrary, the Brgy. Capt. of Banilad claimed that she employs participative style of leadership to her constitunets; Constituents of Brgy. Banilad agreed that it is okay for their woman local leader to employ authoritative leadership style if deemed necessary;Constituents of Brgy. Banilad agreed that it is okay for their woman local leader to employ authoritative leadership style if deemed necessary; They are contented with her decision making strategies and her delegative style of leadership specifically in exercising power and decision making;They are contented with her decision making strategies and her delegative style of leadership specifically in exercising power and decision making; On the contrary, the Brgy. Capt. of Banilad claimed that she employs participative style of leadership to her constitunets;On the contrary, the Brgy. Capt. of Banilad claimed that she employs participative style of leadership to her constitunets; Findings

Brgy. Kinasang-an constituents perceived that their Punong Barangay is perfect for the job. They appreciate her performance and the programs she had implemented. They have a positive perception on her political leadership as to exercising power and decision making.Brgy. Kinasang-an constituents perceived that their Punong Barangay is perfect for the job. They appreciate her performance and the programs she had implemented. They have a positive perception on her political leadership as to exercising power and decision making. Findings

CONCLUSION These women local leaders are most likely to be elected again and can serve two terms or even three terms as they are favored by their staff and constituents;These women local leaders are most likely to be elected again and can serve two terms or even three terms as they are favored by their staff and constituents; Delegative style of leadership was preferred by 2 out of 4 women leaders;Delegative style of leadership was preferred by 2 out of 4 women leaders; The women local leaders agreed that by using delegation of powers, there is a sense of trust, and the burden of the decision making is eased. It amplifies leverage in decision making process;The women local leaders agreed that by using delegation of powers, there is a sense of trust, and the burden of the decision making is eased. It amplifies leverage in decision making process; The constituents are satisfied with how their female leaders are performing. They are seen as public mother figure even if they appear tender (Enriquez of Kinasang-an), executive (de los Santos of Lahug), fierce (Cabrera of Luz), and carefree (Tabar of Banilad). These women local leaders are most likely to be elected again and can serve two terms or even three terms as they are favored by their staff and constituents;These women local leaders are most likely to be elected again and can serve two terms or even three terms as they are favored by their staff and constituents; Delegative style of leadership was preferred by 2 out of 4 women leaders;Delegative style of leadership was preferred by 2 out of 4 women leaders; The women local leaders agreed that by using delegation of powers, there is a sense of trust, and the burden of the decision making is eased. It amplifies leverage in decision making process;The women local leaders agreed that by using delegation of powers, there is a sense of trust, and the burden of the decision making is eased. It amplifies leverage in decision making process; The constituents are satisfied with how their female leaders are performing. They are seen as public mother figure even if they appear tender (Enriquez of Kinasang-an), executive (de los Santos of Lahug), fierce (Cabrera of Luz), and carefree (Tabar of Banilad).

Thank you Abatayo, Ardilyn C. Alon, Namely A. Mamac, Irene R. Awi, Eric N. Caumeran, Kristian Erving L.