Agenda for Wednesday Review carbon compounds Continue Guided notes *Lunch Complete the section assessments (partners) Complete the chapter review Prepare for microscope lab (if time)

Review Solutions that create more Hydrogen ions are __Acidic__ solutions. Solutions that create more Hydroxide ions are basic solutions. Water is neutral and has a pH of 7 The 4 Major Carbon Compounds include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, & Proteins

Chemical Reactions & Enzymes 2 main parts to a chemical reaction ◦ Reactants (left) ◦ Products (right) *Chemical Reactions always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds*

Energy in Reactions Chemical reactions that release energy often occur _____________. Chemical reactions that absorb energy will not occur without a source of ________.

Activation Energy The energy that is needed to get a reaction started. Enzymes lower the activation energy & make the reaction take place faster. (using less energy)

Enzymes Proteins that act like biological Catalysts. Catalyst = a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells.

Enzymes & Substrates Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react. The site reduces the energy required for the reaction. The “reactants” in a enzyme-catalyzed reaction are called Substrates. ◦ Very specific (Lock & Key)

Factors that affect enzyme activity Temperature pH Proteins

Review

Types of reactions Reaction patterns identify general types of chemical reactions Main types: ◦ Synthesis ◦ Decomposition ◦ Combustion ◦ Single-displacement ◦ Double-displacement

Synthesis Reactions Combine Substances The product is a more complex compound than the reactants. A + B  AB Example: 2Na + Cl 2  2NaCl

Decomposition Reactions break substances apart AB  A + B Example: 2H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2

In Single-displacement reactions, elements trade places XA + B  BA + X In general, a more reactive element will take the place of a less reactive one

AX + BY  AY + BX Pb(NO 3 ) 2 +K 2 CrO 4  PbCrO 4 + 2KNO 3

What substances will be found on the left side of a chemical equation?_________________________ 2. What is represented by the  in a chemical reaction?__________________ 3. What specific substances are affected by enzymes?________________________ 4. The positively charged part of an atom is the _____________________________. 5. Acidic solutions have a pH_____________________7.

-Enzymes are _________________that speed up reactions -Solutions with a pH above 7 are considered _____________. -.__________________are used by cells for energy and structural parts. -.__________________ create waterproof barriers and coverings within the cell. -. What are the 4 major macromolecules and one function that they have?