Ch 4 – The Periodic Table

After this lesson you will know: Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids. Periods & groups. Information in each box. Element families. Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions Trends of the Periodic Table

Li 3 He 2 C6C6 N7N7 O8O8 F9F9 Ne 10 Na 11 B5B5 Be 4 H1H1 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 Mg 12 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103 La 57 Ac   METALS Nonmetals Metalloids Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic Table

METALS NONMETALS METALLOIDS malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators) (Semi-metals) dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips) Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Write these characteristics on the back of your Periodic table, but save room for more notes:

Electrons in Shells 1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels. 2. Shells surround the nucleus. 3. Electrons “live” in shells. 4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons - they react to make full outer shell

Number the periods 1-7 Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.). Elements have something in common if they are in the same row. Same period = same number of shells (orbits). –1 st period = 1 shell –2 nd period = 2 shells –3 rd period = 3 shells –And so on…

Number the “tall” Groups 1-8 A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group. Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell. (Valence e-) –first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell. –second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc. –And so on –There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements (short columns)

Information in Boxes Each box gives the following information: Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-) Symbol – for name of element Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, so.. The number of neutrons is the Atomic Mass minus the atomic number. Electrons = 17 Protons = 17 Cl = Chlorine Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded) Neutrons = = 18

Sodium (Na) for Example How many electrons? How many protons? What its atomic mass (rounded)? How many neutrons? How many shells? How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?

Where You Correct? Electrons = 11 Protons = 11 Atomic Mass = 23 AMU Neutrons = 12 Shells = 3 Valence electrons = 1

Alkali Metals Elements Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr). They are very reactive. Why? –They all have one electron in their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells). –Explosive in water Interesting Facts. –Metal –shiny and light weight. Color Code & Label Families of Elements

Alkaline Earth Metals Elements –beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). 2 nd Most Reactive –give up two electrons Interesting facts –Form bases in solution –Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints. –fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs –Magnesium and calcium important in body

Transitional Metals Why Special? E- can move more Ex. change from giving 1 E- away to giving 2 E- away, etc. Lanthanide Series Also called rare-earth Found naturally on Earth Only 1 is radioactive Actinide Series All radioactive Some man-made in labs

Tall Groups 3-6 Named after 1 st element in the group Boron Family Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family C6C6 N7N7 O8O8 B5B5 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 3A4A5A6A

Halogens Elements Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At). Reactive non-metals 7 electrons in their outer shell. Only need 1 more E- to be full! Interesting Facts When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide. Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).

Noble Gases Elements Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). Nonreactive Inert gases Full outer shells Interesting Facts Neon used in advertising signs. Argon used in light bulbs. Helium used to cool things and in balloons. Xenon used in headlights. Can be forced to bond in labs

TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different? Hydrogen –Not a metal –acts like group 1 or 7 –Only 1 shell Helium –Only 1 shell –only 2 valence electrons (can’t have more)

General Trends of the Periodic Table Atoms are arranged by their atomic numbers. Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) – circle it F is the most active Nonmetal (top right, but not a noble gas)– circle it Size increases downward and to the left

Now take the Online Quiz There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table. Click this link: mpertable/index.html mpertable/index.html