1. The Periodic Table

2. After this lesson you will know:
Metals, nonmetals, & metalloids.
Periods & groups.
Information in each box.
Element families.
Hydrogen & Helium are exceptions
Trends of the Periodic Table

3. Label metals, metalloids, & nonmetals on your Periodic TableH 1 He 2 1 Li 3 Be 4 B 5 C 6
Nonmetals N 7 O 8 F 9 Ne 10 2 Na 11 Mg 12 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18 3 K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 4
METALS Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54 5
Metalloids Cs 55 Ba 56 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86 6 * Fr 87 Ra 88 Rf
104 Db
105 Sg
106 Bh
107 Hs
108 Mt
109 7 W La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71 Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm
100 Md
101 No
102 Lr
103

4. Properties of Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids
Write these characteristics on the back of your Periodic table, but save room for more notes:
METALS
malleable, lustrous, ductile, good conductors
NONMETALS
gases or brittle solids, poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators)
METALLOIDS
(Semi-metals)
dull, brittle, semi-conductors (used in computer chips)

5. Electrons in Shells 3. Electrons “live” in shells.
1. Shells – also called orbits or energy levels.
2. Shells surround the nucleus.
3. Electrons “live” in shells.
4. Shells want to be full – 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8
5. Electrons in outer shell make bonds = valence electrons
- they react to make full outer shell

6. Number the periods 1-7
Each row is a different period (Get it? PERIODic table.).
Elements have something in common if they are in the same row.
Same period = same number of shells (orbits).
1st period = 1 shell
2nd period = 2 shells
3rd period = 3 shells
And so on… 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7

7. Number the “tall” Groups 1-8
A column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.
Elements in a group = same number of electrons in outer shell. (Valence e-)
first column (group one) = 1 electron in outer shell.
second column (group two) = 2 electrons in outer shell, etc.
And so on
There are some exceptions to this rule with the transition elements (short columns) 1 8 2 3 4 5 6 7

8. Information in Boxes Each box gives the following information:
Atomic number –number of protons (also # of e-)
Symbol – for name of element
Atomic Mass – total number of protons & neutrons in the nucleus, so.. The number of neutrons is the Atomic Mass minus the atomic number.
Electrons = 17
Protons = 17
Cl = Chlorine
Atomic Mass = 35 AMU (rounded)
Neutrons = = 18

9. Sodium (Na) for Example
How many electrons?
How many protons?
What its atomic mass (rounded)?
How many neutrons?
How many shells?
How many valence electrons are in it’s LAST shell?

10. Where You Correct? Electrons = 11 Protons = 11 Atomic Mass = 23 AMU
Neutrons = 12
Shells = 3
Valence electrons = 1

11. Color Code & Label Families of Elements
Alkali Metals
Elements Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs) and Francium (Fr).
They are very reactive. Why?
They all have one electron in their outer shell. That's one electron away from being happy (full shells).
Explosive in water
Interesting Facts.
Metal
shiny and light weight.

12. Alkaline Earth Metals Elements
beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).
2nd Most Reactive
give up two electrons
Interesting facts
Form bases in solution
Ra - glow-in-the-dark paints.
fireworks, batteries, flashbulbs
Magnesium and calcium important in body

13. Transitional Metals Why Special? E- can move more
Ex. change from giving 1 E- away to giving 2 E- away, etc.
Lanthanide Series
Also called rare-earth
Found naturally on Earth
Only 1 is radioactive
Actinide Series
All radioactive
Some man-made in labs

14. Tall Groups 3-6 Named after 1st element in the group Boron Family
Carbon Family
Nitrogen Family
Oxygen Family 3A 4A 5A 6A B 5 C 6 N 7 O 8 Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84

15. Halogens
Elements
Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At).
Reactive non-metals
7 electrons in their outer shell.
Only need 1 more E- to be full!
Interesting Facts When a halogen combines with another element, the resulting compound is called a halide.
Ex. sodium chloride (NaCl).

16. Noble Gases
Elements
Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).
Nonreactive
Inert gases
Full outer shells
Interesting Facts
Neon used in advertising signs.
Argon used in light bulbs.
Helium used to cool things and in balloons.
Xenon used in headlights.
Can be forced to bond in labs

17. TWO AT THE TOP – Why are they different?
Hydrogen
Not a metal
acts like group 1 or 7
Only 1 shell
Helium
only 2 valence electrons
(can’t have more)

18. General Trends of the Periodic Table
Atoms are arranged by their atomic numbers.
Fr is the most active Metal (botton left) – circle it
F is the most active Nonmetal (top right, but not a noble gas)– circle it
Size increases downward and to the left

19. Now take the Online Quiz
There are 10 questions on the Periodic Table.
Click this link: