Assessment of Damage and Losses after Disasters (PDNA) By Alfred Opere Training of Trainers’ workshop on Early Warning Systems for Climate Resilient Development and Adaptation to Climate Change 1-10 January 2015 Nairobi, Kenya

Introduction Disaster cuts across all sectors Any assessment method must integrate all key sectors Key sectors: -Productive sector ( Agric & livestock, tourism, fisheries, commerce & industry) -Social sector (Housing, Education & health) -Infrastructure sector ( water & sanitation, Electricity, transport & communication)

Definition of Disaster effects Damage (Immediate effects) -total or partial destruction of physical assets -occur during the event itself -measured in physical units and valued at replacement cost Losses(Medium term effects) -changes in economic flows -occur after the natural event over a relative long period -valued at current price

Definition….cont’d Total Effects: Damage+Losses Losses result in changes of economic flows e.g -production not obtained and sales not made, and higher production costs -higher operational costs and lower revenue in the provision of essential services -Unexpected expenditures (humanitarian assistance, removal of debris etc.)

Typical Damage and Losses Damage: -Housing and household goods -Hospital, schools & equipments -Agricultural lands & irrigation systems -Roads & bridges -Water & Electricity systems Losses: -production losses in agric., fishery, livestock, tourism, commerce, industry etc. -Higher operational costs and lower revenue in electricity, water & transport

Typical steps in DLNA Develop baseline for assessment Develop post-disaster situation Estimate damage & Losses on a sector by sector Estimate total value of damage & losses Estimate impact on personal/family income

Pre-Disaster situation Baseline of physical assets within affected area, before disaster (D) Baseline of performance on production and sales within affected area, expected before disaster (L)

Post-Disaster situation Field survey to determine state (total or partial destruction) of physical assets in each sector Develop characteristics of physical assets (by size, capacity, construction material, etc) Obtain prevailing repair and reconstruction costs This can be through field suvey or aerial photo analysis

Uses of DL assessment To quantitatively define financial needs for economic recovery and reconstruction after disasters To define priorities for attention in geographical, sectorial & special groups To ascertain the capacity of governments to conduct post-disaster programs To provide quantitative basis for monitoring progress of post-disaster programs

Conclusion DLNA is data intensive: data collection, dissemination & sharing is an issue that must be addressed at all levels Capacity building in data analysis, assessment methods in the region is also critical