Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration North Florida FSDO Pilot Deviations Runway Incursions Instructor and Student Responsibilities… Risk Management Teaching Judgmen t Sarasota Florida Pilots Dennis H. Whitley, FAASTeam June 26, 2013

Federal Aviation Administration 2 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Situational Awareness

Federal Aviation Administration 3 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Situational Awareness “The Eye can’t see what the mind doesn’t know!”

Federal Aviation Administration 4 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Instructor / Student Relationships

Federal Aviation Administration 5 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Pilot Deviations

Federal Aviation Administration 6 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Runway Incursions

Federal Aviation Administration 7 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Runway Incursions

Federal Aviation Administration 8 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Dangerous Mixture

Federal Aviation Administration 9 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Airport / Runway Incursions FY REGIONOE/DOIOTHERPDV/PDTOTAL Totals: AAL ACE AEA AGL ANE ANM ASO ASW AWP Data valid through 15-Jun-2013

Federal Aviation Administration 10 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Airport / Runway Incursions FY REGIONOE/DOIOTHERPDV/PDTOTAL Totals: AAL ACE AEA AGL ANE ANM ASO ASW AWP Data valid through 15-Jun-2013

Federal Aviation Administration 11 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Recent Deviations in the area: Since October 1, Deviations 9 Runway Incursions 5 Students4 SRQ1 VRB 5 Privates2 SRQ3 Other 2 Pilot Deviations 2 Commercial1 SRQ1 Other

Federal Aviation Administration 12 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Recent Deviations in the area: Since October 1, Deviations Out of the 11 Deviations,,, NONE Of the Pilots were registered on FAASafety.gov !!! Not One !!!

Federal Aviation Administration 13 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Recent Deviations in the area: Since October 1, Deviations 30 Pilot Deviations In Tampa

Federal Aviation Administration 14 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Recent Deviations in the area: Since October 1, Deviations Out of the 30 Deviations,,, ONE Of the Pilots was registered on FAASafety.gov !!! Only One !!!

Federal Aviation Administration 15 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Runway Incursion Causal Categories OPERATIONAL ERROR (OE) - A human error caused by a tower controller. There are over 8000 tower controllers in the U.S. PILOT DEVIATION (PD) - A human error caused by a pilot. There are over 675,000 licensed pilots in the U.S. VEHICLE/PEDESTRIAN DEVIATION (V/PD) - A human error caused by a vehicle operator or pedestrian which results in an entry onto the movement area that has not been authorized by ATC.

Federal Aviation Administration 16 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 PILOTS and VEHICLE OPERATORS must taxi and maneuver their aircraft/vehicles on taxiways and runways in accordance with ATC instructions. CONTROLLERS must monitor the location and progression of the aircraft and vehicles operating on the airport surface, in accordance with instructions issued, to provide separation assurance. A safety hazard/ runway incursion is likely to occur when the exact location of an aircraft or vehicle on the airport surface in relation to a specific ATC clearance is unknown. Genesis of a Incursion

Federal Aviation Administration 17 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Operational Error (OE) CONTROLLERS are at risk of being a party to an incursion when they are unable to correlate their visual observations of the aircraft/vehicle location with previously issued ATC instructions. Some contributing factors include: -FAILURE TO FOLLOW ESTABLISHED STANDARDIZED PROCEDURES -FAILURE TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THEIR ACTIONS OR INACTIONS -LACK OF TRAINING & PRACTICE TO INTERNALIZE PROCEDURES -LOSS OF SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

Federal Aviation Administration 18 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Pilot Deviation (PD) PILOTS are at risk of being a party to an incursion when they are unable to correlate their visual observations of airport signs, markings and lighting and other physical features on the airport with the specific ATC taxi instructions. Some contributing factors include: -FAILURE TO ASK FOR HELP WHEN CONFUSED -FAILURE TO USE THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM - LACK OF TRAINING -NOT FAMILIAR WITH THE AIRPORT

Federal Aviation Administration 19 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Pedestrian Deviation (V/PD) VEHICLE OPERATORS and PEDESTRIANS are at risk of being a party to an incursion when they are unable to correlate their visual observations of airport signs, markings and lighting and other physical features on the airport with the specific ATC taxi instructions. Some contributing factors include: -FAILURE TO ASK FOR HELP WHEN CONFUSED -FAILURE TO USE THE AIRPORT DIAGRAM -LACK OF TRAINING -NOT FAMILIAR WITH AIRPORT

Federal Aviation Administration 20 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Distractions Distractions: D istractions are the main threat facing flight crews. Some contributing factors include: -INABILITY TO MULTITASK -TUNNEL VISION -UNFAMILARITY WITH EQUIPMENT -HEADS DOWN TOO LONG -UNAUTHORIZED EQUIPMENT

Federal Aviation Administration 21 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 What is being done to achieve a safer flying environment?

Federal Aviation Administration 22 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 What is being done to achieve a safer flying environment? Upgrade Airport Markings at Medium and Large Airports Upgrade Airport Markings at Smaller Airports Airport Recurrent Training Airport Surface Analysis Air Carrier Pilot Training Air Carrier Cockpit Procedures Air Traffic Procedures FAA Air Traffic Organization (ATO) Voluntary Reporting Reducing Pilot Deviations Background on Runway Incursions

Federal Aviation Administration 23 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Known 'Best Practices' for AIRFIELD SAFETY 1.Encourage use of correct terminology and proper voice cadence. 2.Eliminate distractions in the operational area. 3.Obtain and use airport diagrams. Use the FAA runway safety website to find airport diagrams for all airports. 4.Conduct "Clearing Turns" prior to entering ANY runway. 5.Maintain a sterile cockpit when taxiing. 6.Maintain appropriate Taxi speed. 7.Encourage pilots to have their "eyes out" when taxiing. 8.Encourage pilots to have a "heads up" policy when taxiing. 9.Attend safety seminars and programs on RUNWAY SAFETY. 10.Improve safety by teaching, advocating, stressing and understanding situational awareness.

Federal Aviation Administration 24 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Known 'Best Practices' for AIRFIELD SAFETY 11.Customize RUNWAY SAFETY presentations for targeted audiences such as pilot organizations, safety seminars, airport authorities, etc. 12.Cite specific airport RUNWAY SAFETY web pages. 13.Distribute RUNWAY SAFETY materials to every aviation entity. 14.Package and distribute runway safety materials to: Flight Schools, Flight Safety International, Maintenance Centers, Aircraft Manufacturers, etc. 15.Realize that every airport is unique and presents its own set of RUNWAY SAFETY challenges. 16.Stay alert; stay alive. 17.Declare war on errors; make it everyones’ responsibility.

Federal Aviation Administration 25 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 What else is being done to achieve a safer flying environment?

Federal Aviation Administration 26 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 What else is being done to achieve a safer flying environment? Continuing Education !!! FAASafety.GOV & The FAASTeam

Federal Aviation Administration 27 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 FAASTeam Safety Seminars On Line Courses Seminars like the very one you are attending this evening.

Federal Aviation Administration 28 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program The North Florida FSDOs have oversight responsibility for the largest volume of flight training and pilot certification activity within the purview of the Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Aviation Administration 29 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program In response to a high number of aircraft accidents and incidents involving flight training aircraft, the Orlando and Tampa FSDO along with the FAA Safety Program Managers initiated the first Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program on September 1, This program has evolved into one of the most important activities conducted by the FAA Safety Team or FAASTeam in the North Florida FSDO area of responsibility. This has become a model for similar CFI programs across the country.

Federal Aviation Administration 30 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program Designed to provide more direct and focused FAA involvement with the Flight Training Community. Accomplished in a positive, educationally oriented manner.

Federal Aviation Administration 31 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program Program Goals  Improve the quality of flight training within the flight schools  Increase awareness among flight instructors of their instructional responsibilities  Reduce the number of flight training accidents and incidents

Federal Aviation Administration 32 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program Core Elements of Program  Initial Flight Instructor Certification  Flight Training Accident & Incident Investigations  Bi-weekly CFI/DPE Special Emphasis Meetings  Pilot Examiner Oversight  Part 141 Pilot School Oversight

Federal Aviation Administration 33 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) Support  “CFI / DPE Special Emphasis Program” Meetings  Web Site: FAASafety.gov  LAL FAA Safety Center Presentations  Web Site:  FAASTeam CFI Workshop National Program  Web Site:

Federal Aviation Administration 34 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Flight Instructor Special Emphasis Program The Program has demonstrated that a PARTNERSHIP between the FAA and the Flight Training Community can ACHIEVE REMARKABLE RESULTS

Federal Aviation Administration 35 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013 Thank You For Attending Our Program.

Federal Aviation Administration 36 Deviations and Runway Incursions June 26, 2013