Dr. Nittana Southiseng Trade and Investment Facilitation Program

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Presentation transcript:

AEC, Initiatives in SME Cluster Development and Export Consortia Formation Dr. Nittana Southiseng Trade and Investment Facilitation Program Mekong Institute Khon Kaen, Thailand

Overview of GMS countries Linking the Mekong region members of ASEAN (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam) with two provinces of the People’s Republic of China GMS Population - 300 million people - Geographic spread - 2.6 million square kilometers Gross Domestic Product - US$ 300 billion - Substantial population living in poverty on less than the equivalent of one dollar a day (50 million people out of total population of 300 million GDP growth rate 8% - Increased FDI – Growth of exports – Growth of tourism industry - Dramatic increase in the interregional trade 2

Diversity of GMS Countries Pop: 90.5 mil GDP per capita: 2,300$ GDP per capita in PPP: NA Pop: 45.9 mil GDP per capita: 2,320$ GDP per capita in PPP: NA Pop: 90.5 mil GDP per capita: 1,191$ GDP per capita in PPP: 3,129 $ Pop: 48.3 mil GDP per capita: 742 $ GDP per capita in PPP: 1,197 $ Pop: 6.5 mil GDP per capita: 1,004$ GDP per capita in PPP: 2,300 $ Pop: 69 mil GDP per capita: 4,613 $ GDP per capita in PPP: 8,086 $ Pop: 14.2 mil GDP per capita: 901 $ GDP per capita in PPP: 2,100 $

Role of SMEs in ASEAN SMEs are the backbone of ASEAN and SME development is integral to achieving long-run sustainable economic growth of the region. SMEs comprise about 99% of all enterprises, Account for 50% of manufacturing outputs Employ 44%-70% of employment Contribute19%-31% to exports Contribute between 30%-53% to the country GDP

Per Capita GDP – US$ Source:–AEC Chartbook 2010

“One Vision, One Identity, One Community” ASEAN GMS Countries - 2010 Land area: 1.94 M sq Km Population: 232 M ASEAN Countries - 2010 Land area: 4.48 M sq Km Population: 614 M

AEC 2015 Goal :Regional economic integration by 2015. AEC envisages : a single market and production base, a highly competitive economic region, a region of equitable economic development, and a region fully integrated into the global economy.

AEC 2015 To transform ASEAN into a region with free movement of goods, services, investment, skilled labour, and freer flow of capital. Areas of cooperation include : human resources development and capacity building; recognition of professional qualifications; closer consultation on macroeconomic and financial policies; trade facilitation measures enhanced infrastructure and communications connectivity; development of electronic transactions through e-ASEAN; integrating industries across the region to promote regional sourcing; enhancing private sector involvement for the building of the AEC.

ASEAN Community in 2015 ASEAN Charter ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community Economic Community (AEC) ASEAN Political- Security Community (ASC) เมื่อปี 2546 ผู้นำอาเซียนประกาศแถลงการณ์บาหลี (Bali Concord II) เพื่อแสดงเจตนารมณ์ที่จะนำอาเซียนไปสู่การเป็นประชาคมอาเซียน (ASEAN Community) ภายในปีค.ศ. 2020 เมื่อต้นปี 2550 เห็นชอบให้เร่งรัดเป้าหมายดังกล่าวเป็นปี ค.ศ. 2015 แทน ในปีเดียวกันนั้น AEM ลงนามรับรอง AEC Blueprint ซึ่งเป็นแผนงานการจัดตั้งประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน ในเดือนพ.ย 50 ผู้นำลงนาม “กฎบัตรอาเซียน” และ “ปฎิญญาว่าด้วยแผนงานการจัดตั้งประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน” เพื่อยืนยันเจตนารมณ์ให้เป็นไปตามเป้าหมาย คำศัพท์แต่ละคำ มีความเกี่ยวโยงกันอย่างไร ประชาคมอาเซียน คือ ชุมชนอาเซียน เป็นเป้าหมายที่อาเซียนต้องการมุ่งไปให้ถึงในปี 2558 การที่จะเป็นประชาคมอาเซียน ก็ต้องมีกำหนดกฏเกณฑ์ในการบริหารร่วมกันของประเทศสมาชิกอาเซียน จึงได้เกิด “กฎบัตรอาเซียน” กฎบัตรอาเซียน (ASEAN Charter) เป็นเสมือนธรรมนูญของอาเซียน ที่เปลี่ยนสถานะอาเซียนจาก”สมาคม” เป็น “องค์กรระหว่างประเทศ” ผู้นำอาเซียนได้ลงนามกฎบัตรฯ ในช่วงการประชุมสุดยอดอาเซียน ครั้งที่ 13 เมื่อวันที่ 20 พ.ย. 2550 [มีผลบังคับใช้อย่างเป็นทางการแล้ว เมื่อวันที่ 15 ธ.ค. 51] กฎบัตรฯ ได้กำหนดกรอบโครงสร้างกลไกการดำเนินงานของอาเซียนออกเป็น 3 เสาหลัก รองรับการดำเนินงานไปสู่ประชาคมอาเซียน ได้แก่ 1) ประชาคมความมั่นคงอาเซียน 2) ประชาคมสังคมและวัฒนธรรมอาเซียน และ 3) ประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน ในส่วนของเสาเศรษฐกิจ หรือ ประชาคมเศรษฐกิจอาเซียน ได้มีการจัดทำ พิมพ์เขียว AEC และเอกสารแนบ ได้แก่ ตารางดำเนินการ ASEAN Socio- Cultural Community (ASCC)

ASEAN Economic Community: AEC 1. A Single Market and Production Base 2. A Highly Competitive Economic Region Free flows of goods e-ASEAN (e-commerce) AEC Taxation Free flows of services Competition Policy Free flows of investment Intellectual Property Rights Free flows of skilled labors Consumer Protection Freer flows of capital Year 2015 Infrastructure Development องค์ประกอบหลักของ AEC ตามเป้าหมายการรวมกลุ่มทางเศรษฐกิจของอาเซียน ซึ่งระบุไว้ในแถลงการณ์บาหลี ฉบับที่ 2 (Bali Concord II) คือ การเป็นตลาดและฐานการผลิตเดียว โดยให้มีการเคลื่อนย้ายสินค้า บริการ การลงทุน แรงงานฝีมืออย่างเสรี และเงินทุนที่เสรีขึ้น รวมทั้งส่งเสริมการรวมกลุ่มสาขาสำคัญของอาเซียน การสร้างขีดความสามารถในการแข่งขัน ให้ความสำคัญกับประเด็นด้านนโยบายที่ช่วยส่งเสริมการรวมกลุ่มเศรษฐกิจ เช่น นโยบายการแข่งขัน การคุ้มครองผู้บริโภค IPR พาณิชย์อิเล็กทรอนิกส์ นโยบายภาษี และการพัฒนาโครงสร้างพื้นฐาน (การเงิน ขนส่ง ICT พลังงาน) การพัฒนาเศรษฐกิจอย่างเสมอภาค ให้ความสำคัญกับการลดช่องว่างการพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการรวมกลุ่มของประเทศสมาชิกใหม่ ได้แก่ CLMV ผ่านความร่วมมือภายใต้โครงการริเริ่มเพื่อการรวมกลุ่มของอาเซียน (Initiative for ASEAN Integration: IAI) ตลอดจนส่งเสริมการพัฒนา SME ในภูมิภาค การบูรณาการเข้ากับเศรษฐกิจโลก โดยการจัดทำเขตการค้าเสรีของอาเซียนกับประเทศคู่เจรจา และการสร้างเครือข่ายการผลิต/จำหน่ายในภูมิภาคเชื่อมโยงกับโลก 3. A Region of Equitable Eco. Development 4. A Region fully integrated into Global Narrowing Development Gap Arrangement of FTAs with non-ASEAN Involvement in global supply chain Development of SMEs

Identified Issues of SMEs Major issues faced by CLMV countries that hinder narrowing development gaps and economic integration into AEC include: Underdeveloped public human resource capacities and institutional support systems to develop and implement trade and investment policy and regulatory framework Lack of industry clusters and facilities that can provide SMEs access to regional and global value chains Slide 6. HR Development issues Last year, the Mekong Institute has worked with ASEAN and other regional and national partners in the GMS to identify the top priority issues faced by the CLMV countries in achieving the AEC and trade liberalization. Major issues faced by CLMV countries that hinder narrowing development gaps and economic integration into AEC include: Underdeveloped public human resource capacities and institutional support systems to develop and implement trade and investment policy and regulatory framework Lack of industry clusters and facilities that can provide SMEs access to regional and global value chains

Small and Medium Enterprises Limited ability to integrate into ASEAN and global value chains

Capacity Development Issues Limited entrepreneurship development Limited SME ability to integrate into RVC and GVC Limited capacity to implement FTAs and trade and investment policies

Capacity Development for Integrating CLMV Economies into AEC 2015 Outcomes: Increased Understanding of Value of SME Clusters and Export Network Increased understanding and utilization of FTAs by SME exporters Capacity development of business development services (BDS) providers and SME exporters 5 Components: A. Gap and Postharvest Practices B. Agriculture Policies and CBCF C. SME Cluster and Export Network D. FTAs and Trade Policies F. Capacity Building of Young Professionals Duration: 3 years (2012-14) Partners: Ministry of Industry, Commerce, Industry and Trade associations, SME associations in Cambodia, Lao, Myanmar and Vietnam. C. SME Cluster and Export Network D. FTAs and Trade Policies

Modular Capacity Development Approach: Modular Capacity Development Learn to Do Do to Learn Slide 13. Modular Capacity Development approach The capacity development intervention could be designed and delivered using a modular training approach with three progressive stages : i) “ Learn to Do” – training on concepts, techniques and tools to promote SME clusters and export consortia; ii) “Do to Learn” –to implement the action plans to promote SME clusters and export consortia with technical assistance from MI; and iii) “Share to Learn” –an opportunity for the participants to present the results of their action plan implementation, learning experiences and lessons learned. Share to Learn

Implementation Strategy C. SME Cluster Development and Export Network a. Modular Training Programs Training on SME cluster and Export consortia Action Research Training Action Plan Coaching for Export Consortia Synthesis Workshop b. Action Plan Implementation of action plan to form cluster and export consortia c. Action Research Process documentation of action research Policy Briefs on SME cluster development Investor Forum d. Investor Forum Market access to SME consortia

Capacity Building Group SME Cluster and Export Consortia Formation Capacity Building Group Identify Sector/Product Action Plan Preparation for Capacity Building Coaching for Export Consortia Formation Implement Action Plan on SME cluster development Consortia SME Consortia Group Value Chain Actors Identification Action Plan Preparation for Export consortia Implement Action Plan Coaching Value Chain Export Consortium Formed Export Consortium Formed Market Linkage Investor Forum

Action Plans 1 Cambodia Capacity Building (CB) - Milled Organic Rice Cluster Group: Lun Yeng, Lay Navinn, Yun Sovanna, Ek Shopheara 2 Cambodia Consortia Group (CG)- Instant Noodle Export Consortia Group:Linh Thorn&Pok Mony 3 Laos CB- Silk Cluster Group:Malaykham Philaphone, Phetanong Insarn & Somthong Philavanh,Philayhack Phothisane 4 Laos-CG-Furniture Export Consortia Group:Vannitha Phommavong, Phithikone Vilaithong 5 Myanmar CB Dehydrated Vegetable Cluster Group:Aung Win, Tin Htay, MuMu, Phyu Sin Thant 6 Myanmar CG Plastic Export Consortia Group:Aung Myint, Aung Myo 7 Vietnam CB Silk and Handicraft Group:MaiDieuHuyen, NguyenMinhHien,NguyenMinhHai 8 Vietnam CG Organic Tea Export Consortia Group:HoangCongMinh, ThanVanSuu

D. Increased Utilization of FTAs by SMEs Implementation Strategy D. Increased Utilization of FTAs by SMEs a. ToT Programs Training program on FTA, trade policy development and trade negotiation FTA Utilization by SME Training Work Based SME –FTA Web Portal Synthesis Workshop b. Work based: TA & Test Implement action plan to develop SME information portal on FTA Translation of ToT materials Localizing ToT materials c. Information Sharing Dissemination workshop of SME-FTA information portal Integration of CLMV SME –FTA portal link d. Synthesis Workshop Lesson learnt, best practices and input to learning content development

C. SME Cluster Development and Export Network MI Initiatives of TF ………………... Needs Assessment of SME status, SME export status and FTA utilization in CLMV …Jan-Feb 12 Training on SME cluster development and Export Consortia …14-25 May 2012 Aug-Oct 12 Implementation of action plans in CLMV to conduct national workshops on SME cluster development Provide coaching and hand holding support by national teams to form SME Export consortiums Action Research …Oct 12-Feb 13

SME Clusters and Value Chain Integration in CLMVT Action Research: SME Clusters and Value Chain Integration in CLMVT Analyze Data on SME Cluster and VCI on identified SME Clusters 14-18 Jan Round Table Meeting: Findings Presentation 22 Jan Policy Brief 23 Jan National Dissemination Workshop CLMV: Findings Dissemination Field Action Research and Document Process of the Identified SME Clusters and VCI as per research plan Training on Action Research Methodology on SME Clusters and Value Chain Integration (VCI) Write Report on each of the Product Cluster 19-21 Jan 12-16 Nov12 17 Nov-31Dec 13 14-18 Jan 13 19-21 Jan 13 22-23 Jan 13 24 Jan-5 Feb 13

YGMS + National Resaercher TF Team Action Research Team Mr. Madhuriya Kumar Dutta (India) Program Manager Consultant Dr. Gautam Dutta Cambodia YGMS + National Resaercher Laos Myanmar Vietnam Thailand Dr. Nittana Southiseng (Laos) SME Development Specialist Ms. Huyen Nguyen (Vietnam) Program Facilitator Ms. Sweety Soe Nyo Nyo (Myanmar) Program Facilitator Ms. Hyun Ah Yi (Korea) Intern 22

Thank You