Basic Electronics Irish Mae E. Santiago III-Newton

Electronics- It is the study of the properties and behavior of electrons in various materials. By material, either by itself or as part of an entire circuits.

Electronic Materials Conductors – materials that readily pass charges from passing through it. Insulators - materials that totally prevents charges from passing through it. Semiconductors - materials that allow only some of the charges to flow through. Superconductors – materials that totally current to pass through, without any form of resistance.

Currents Current is the rate of the flow of charges, measured in Amperres (A). Cureents is what through a wire. And it is represented by an arrow, with a label i on top, the symbol of current. i = Q͟ t

The Unit of measurement for current is the ampere, or Amp for short, A as abbreviated. One ampere is equal to one coulomb of charge passing a point in a circuit in in one second. We should also remember that one coulomb is a lot of charge, 1C = 6 x electrons.

Voltage A voltage or a potential difference is a measure of the work done on a charge and is measured in volts. V= W/Q

One volt is equal to one joule of work of coulomb of charge. (1V= J/C). Just a heat flows through a heat conductor until there is no longer a temperature difference, charge wants to flow through an electric conductor until there is no more potential difference(voltage) When measuring voltage, our reference point is usually called Ground or GND.

Capacitance A measure of the ability to store charge and energy in electric fields. To measure capacitance of a material, if a voltage V is attached to the material, the capacitance C depends on this equation: C= Q/v

Resistivity- the property of a material that is a measure of the ability to resist the flow of charges. This is dependent on the temperature of the material. This is opposite to another property of a material, its conductivity. Resistance- The characteristic of a material of a given dimension, a measure of the ability to flow of charges.

OHM’S LAW This is a simple relationship between cureent, voltage and resitance. V = i x R Ex. What is the voltage across a material if the current flowing through it is 2 amperes and the resistance is 100 ohms?

Given: Current(i) = 2 A Resistance(R) = 100 Ω Find: Voltage Solution: F: V= iR = 2 A (100 Ω) = 200 Volts

Electric Power One watt of power is equal to the work done in one second by one volt moving one coulomb of charge. Since one coulomb a second is an ampere. P = E x I P = I 2 x R P = E 2 / R

The Electric Circuit A connection of electric components forming a closed figure, or a loop. Open Circuit - is when two p0oints are not connected by anything. No current flows and nothing happens. If a wire in your vacuum cleaner breaks it can cause an open circuit and no current can flow so it does not do anything.

There may be a voltage between those two points but the current can not flow without a connection. - an open circuit provide no path. It is equivalent to an infinitely large resistance in the circuit and no current flows.

Short Circuit A short circuit occurs when two points with differennt voltage levels are connected with no resistance between two ppoints. This can cause in the large amount of current flow.