Motion Manipulation Words G32 – Thread cutting G15 & G16 – Polar coordinates G50 & G51 – Scaling G50.1 & G51.1 – Mirror image G60 – Single direction positioning G68 & G69 – Coordinate rotation G68 & G69 – 3 dimensional coordinate conversion

Relates only to turning centers

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads N165 G00 X0 Z0.2 N170 G32 Z-0.75 F N175 M04 N180 Z0.2 Example: Synchronize feed with speed

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping G32 is similar to G01 G32 is like G01 except: 1)Feedrate is synchronized with rpm 2)Feedrate override switch is disabled 3)Successive passes will be in same tool path

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping G32 can be used for tapping Many turning centers don’t have a tapping cycle Since G32 disables feedrate override… …use it for tapping on these machines. N150 T0505 N155 G97 S500 M03 N160 G00 X0 Z0.2 N165 G32 Z-0.75 F N170 M04 N175 G32 Z0.2 N180 G00 X8.0 Z7.0 M03.

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G32 – thread cutting (turning centers only) 3G32 not commonly mentioned 3Better ways available to cut threads 3Use G76 to machine threads Not always taught in basic courses: áG32 is similar to G01 áG32 can be used for tapping

Relates only to machining centers

Used to specify positions with polar 3G15 instates, G16 cancels 3Fanuc’s version not very helpful 3Center must be program zero 3X specifies angle, Y specifies radius Polar coordinates Most programmers stick with the rectangular coordinate system áBasic use áHow G52 helps Topics:

Used to specify positions with polar 3G15 instates, G16 cancels 3Fanuc’s version not very helpful 3Center must be program zero 3X specifies angle, Y specifies radius Polar coordinates Most programmers stick with the rectangular coordinate system áBasic use áHow G52 helps Topics:

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X45.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X90.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X135.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X180.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X225.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X270.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X315.0 Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius

Polar coordinates dia Program zero X0 (or X360.0) Y2.5 X: angle Y: radius Important limitation! Center of polar system must be program zero

Polar coordinates Program zero Polar coordinates can’t be used!

Used to specify positions with polar 3G15 instates, G16 cancels 3Fanuc’s version not very helpful 3Center must be program zero 3X specifies angle, Y specifies radius Polar coordinates Most programmers stick with the rectangular coordinate system áBasic use áHow G52 helps Topics:

Used to specify positions with polar 3G15 instates, G16 cancels 3Fanuc’s version not very helpful 3Center must be program zero 3X specifies angle, Y specifies radius Polar coordinates Most programmers stick with the rectangular coordinate system áBasic use áHow G52 helps Topics:

Polar coordinates Program zero If your control has G52 (it’s an option), you can temporarily shift program zero G52 X4.0 Y1.5 G15 G81 X45.0 Y2.5 R0.1 Z-1.0 F4.0 Since not all controls allow G52… …many programmers ignore polar coordinates

Used to specify positions with polar 3G15 instates, G16 cancels 3Fanuc’s version not very helpful 3Center must be program zero 3X specifies angle, Y specifies radius Polar coordinates Most programmers stick with the rectangular coordinate system áBasic use áHow G52 helps Topics:

Relates only to machining centers

Used to change size of programmed path 3Can be helpful with 3d work 3All coordinates are modified 3By scale factor Scaling Since CAM systems also allow easy specification of scale factor, this feature isn’t widely used áWords involved Topics:

Used to change size of programmed path 3Can be helpful with 3d work 3All coordinates are modified 3By scale factor Scaling Since CAM systems also allow easy specification of scale factor, this feature isn’t widely used áWords involved Topics:

Scaling Words involved: G50: Cancel G51: Instate scaling mode I: Scale center in X J: Scale center in Y K: Scale center in Z P: Scale factor Example: G51 X0 Y0 Z0 P0.5 ½ scale about program zero

Used to change size of programmed path 3Can be helpful with 3d work 3All coordinates are modified 3By scale factor Scaling Since CAM systems also allow easy specification of scale factor, this feature isn’t widely used áWords involved Topics:

Relates mostly to machining centers

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Mirror image Left hand Right hand X+ X- Same program can be used for both! Mirror image simply reverses the sign for all coordinates in the mirrored axis

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling

Mirror image Left hand Right hand It’s not so good for milling operations Conventional milling Climb milling What is conventional milling without mirror image becomes climb milling with!

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Mirror image Words involved: G50.1: Cancel G51.1: Instate X: X origin of mirror Y: Y origin of mirror Example: G51.1 X4.0 Turn on X mirror image, center of mirror is 4.0 from program zero

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: Full example program is shown in the lesson text áOn a turning center?

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

On a turning center? Mirror image X+ X- Z+ Z- With most turning centers: The larger the diameter, the more positive the X value X4.0 Tool is at 4.0 diameter With some turning centers, the X axis is reversed!

On a turning center? Mirror image X- X+ Z+ Z- With these machines The larger the diameter, the more negative the X value X-4.0 Tool is at 4.0 diameter If you have some machines of each style, it can be very difficult to program and operate your machines! (Offsets are reversed too!) Simply turn on X axis mirror image for the machines you don’t like!

On a turning center? Mirror image X+ X- Z+ Z- Some machines allow tools to cut on either side of spindle center Additionally… Tool requires plus X values Tool requires minus X values Some tools will have positive X values and others have negative X values Again, programming and operation are difficult Now an operator has to know which tool does the cutting before they can adjust an offset! Simply turn on X axis mirror image for all tools that cut on the minus side and program all tools as X plus!

Used for right and left hand workpieces 3Same program can be used 3Polarity of coordinates are reversed 3Great for hole machining operations 3Milling reverses style (climb vs conventional) Mirror image áApplication áWords involved áExample Topics: áOn a turning center?

Relates only to machining centers

Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting). N050 G60 G86 X2.0 Y2.0 R0.1 Z-0.85 F2.0 N055 X5.0 Y5.0 N060 G64 G80 Example: Single direction positioning

Not always taught in basic courses: áUse for finish boring Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)

Not always taught in basic courses: áUse for finish boring Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)

Not always taught in basic courses: áUse for finish boring Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting) G60 – single direction positioning G60 ensures that backlash will not affect positioning accuracy Tool is always approaching from X- Y-

Not always taught in basic courses: áUse for finish boring Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting) G60 – single direction positioning G60 ensures that backlash will not affect positioning accuracy O0001. N250 T06 M06 N255 G54 G90 S800 M03 T07 N260 G60 G00 X2.0 Y2.0 N265 G43 H06 Z0.1 N270 G86 R0.1 Z-0.75 F2.5 N275 X6.0 N280 X4.0 Y4.0 N285 X6.0 Y6.0 N290 X2.0 N295 G80 G64 N300 G91 G28 Z0 M19 N305 M01. InvokeCompatible with canned cycles G64 (normal cutting) cancels G60

Not always taught in basic courses: áUse for finish boring Commonly taught in basic CNC courses: G60 – single direction positioning 3G60 is not often mentioned 3Use to eliminate backlash from moves 3Cancel with G64 (normal cutting)

Relates only to machining centers

Allows coordinates to be rotated 3Program in the easiest angular position 3Rotate and repeat 3With subprogramming Coordinate rotation áWords involved áExample Topics:

Allows coordinates to be rotated 3Program in the easiest angular position 3Rotate and repeat 3With subprogramming Coordinate rotation áWords involved áExample Topics:

Coordinate rotation Words involved: G68: Instate G69: Cancel X: X center of rotation Y: Y center of rotation R: Angle Example: G68 X0 Y0 R45.0 Rotate all up-coming coordinates by 45 degrees about program zero

Allows coordinates to be rotated 3Program in the easiest angular position 3Rotate and repeat 3With subprogramming Coordinate rotation áWords involved áExample Topics:

Allows coordinates to be rotated 3Program in the easiest angular position 3Rotate and repeat 3With subprogramming Coordinate rotation áWords involved áExample Topics: Full example program is shown in the lesson text

Relates only to machining centers

Allows variable plane selection 3G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection 3But planes must be at right angles 3Any plane can be defined 3Regardless of angle 3Used with five axis machining centers 3When working on angular surfaces 3Allows high-level features with plane 3Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc. Three dimensional coordinate conversion áWords involved Topics:

Allows variable plane selection 3G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection 3But planes must be at right angles 3Any plane can be defined 3Regardless of angle 3Used with five axis machining centers 3When working on angular surfaces 3Allows high-level features with plane 3Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc. Three dimensional coordinate conversion áWords involved Topics:

Three dimensional coordinate conversion Words involved: G68: Instate G69: Cancel X, Y, Z: Center of rotation I, J, K: Vectors about X, Y, & Z R: Angle Example: G68 X0 Y0 Z0 I1.0 R45 Rotate plane 45 degrees about X Again, once plane is defined, all features used in the XY, XZ, or YZ plane can be used at the custom-defined plane This makes it possible to manually program complicated angular surface on five axis machining centers

Allows variable plane selection 3G17, G18, & G19 allow plane selection 3But planes must be at right angles 3Any plane can be defined 3Regardless of angle 3Used with five axis machining centers 3When working on angular surfaces 3Allows high-level features with plane 3Canned cycles, cutter comp, rotation, etc. Three dimensional coordinate conversion áWords involved Topics: