Waves Physics Mrs. Coyle Coyle, Greece 2005, North Aegean Sea.

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Presentation transcript:

Waves Physics Mrs. Coyle Coyle, Greece 2005, North Aegean Sea

Waves and their characteristics Velocity of a wave Types of waves

Oscillation Object moves back and forth about an equilibrium position.

Pulse: A single disturbance travelling through a medium.

Wave Train (Travelling Wave or simply wave): A series of pulses at regular intervals.

Wave on a String (Applet) string/wave-on-a-string_en.html string/wave-on-a-string_en.html

Graph of Displacement vs Time

Displacement vs Distance Traveled

Speed of a Wave, v v= d/t v = /T v = f

Types of Waves Transverse Longitudinal

Transverse The particles vibrate perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation (ex: waves along a string, electromagnetic waves).

Example: S Earthquake Wave

Longitudinal Waves The particle displacement is parallel to the direction of wave propagation (ex: sound)

Torsional Waves Video link on Web : Collapse of Takoma Narrows Bridge, Washington State,

Elliptical Waves Result when longitudinal and transverse waves are superpositioned. (ex: surface water waves)

Ocean Wave

Ocean Wave

Note Waves transfer of energy from one point to another. Waves do not transfer matter.

Mechanical Waves Electromagnetic Waves Types of Waves

Mechanical Waves require a medium. Examples: Water waves( Tsunami) Sound waves (v= 340 m/sec in air but varies for different media) Earthquake waves

Electromagnetic Waves do not require a medium and can travel through the empty space (vacuum). Example: Light from the sun travels through space and reaches us. Note: All EM waves have a speed through vacuum of 3 x 10 8 m/sec.

Problem 1 What is the distance a sound wave in air traveled in 2 sec? Answer: 680m/s

Problem 2 What is the frequency of a light wave of wave length 550x m? Answer: 5.5 x Hz

Problem 3 A SONAR (Sound Navigation and Ranging) sends a signal to the bottom of the ocean. The speed of sound in water is 1435 m/s. If the signal echo returned in 0.4 sec, how deep was the water? Answer: 287m