Chapter 13: Section 2 The Second New Deal

The Second New Deal Promote the General Welfare. Fix the problems of the elderly, the poor, and the unemployed. WPA(Works Progress Administration): Creates jobs fixing the highways and other projects that need to be done around the country. John Maynard Keyes: British economist who said the deficit spending was needed to get money to consumers to get money to the economy. The idea was called pump priming. Social Security Act: Created a pension for the old, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, and poverty stricken mothers, and the disabled. REA(Rural Electrical Administration): Brought electricity to over 80% or the rural areas. Farmers could receive money and price breaks from the government. Water projects would change the face of the West.

Labor Unions find their Energy Unions would fight for the workers. Especially those in the mining and automobile industries. Wagner Act: Gave workers the right to join Unions and have collective bargaining. Fair Labor Standards Act: Provided workers with better pay and hours. Minimum wage and outlawed child labor. Sit Down Strikes: Workers would sit in front of mines or plants until a settlement was agreed upon. List of Second New Deal Programs on page 409.

The Court vs. The New Deal The Supreme Court began to say that New Deal was unconstitutional. Roosevelt decides to convince Congress to add 6 Judges to the bench. This was called Court Packing. The court would begin to swing the way of the President because of the popularity of the New Deal.

Section 3: Effects of the New Deal Women: With the help of Eleanor Roosevelt women would begin to play a bigger role in politics. However, they would not gain any advantage in the work place. African Americans: This group was among the first to lose jobs during the depression. Roosevelt sets up the “Black Cabinet”, a group of black advisors that would help him keep in touch with the culture and community. Mary McLeod Bethune was the female member and champion of racial equality. Native Americans: Natives got more control over their own affairs, and received economic support to get on their feet. The Indian New Deal would improve the Native American way of life, by giving back control over their land.

The New Deal Coalition Roosevelt’s political skills had gotten him elected to four terms as president and had united and unlikely group of voters. The coalition was made up of white southerners, blue-collar workers, poor Midwestern farmers, immigrants, and African Americans. With this the landscape of politics would change. Arthur Mitchell becomes the first black man to serve in Congress. Democrats would have a majority for every year from 1932-1995, except for four of those years. The role of government had expanded and along with it came a “welfare state”: The government would be responsible for the welfare of children, the poor, the elderly, the sick, and the unemployed. Cause and Effect Chart on page 420.

Section 4: Culture of the 1930’s Movies and Radio would captivate Americans by giving them an escape. People could forget about their lives by getting into a radio show or movie that would have a happy ending or show good over evil. It would show how big business could be defeated and could also provide action. The Federal Art Project: Funded the theatre and by supporting actors and writers by giving them jobs writing books about their states called guide books. Artists were paid to paint murals on the sides of buildings to promote promise and good feeling. Writers such as John Steinbeck wrote books like The Grapes of Wrath that depicted the leaving after Dust Bowl and trying to find success in California, but instead find more troubles. Super heroes such as Superman also begin to pop up.