Microbial Classification

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea One circular chromosome, not in a membrane One circular chromosome, not in a membrane No histones No histones No organelles No organelles Peptidoglycan cell walls Peptidoglycan cell walls Binary fission Binary fission

Proteobacteria Proteobacteria Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes Mythical Greek god, Proteus, who could assume many shapes Gram-negative Gram-negative Domain Bacteria

Human pathogens: Human pathogens: Bartonella Bartonella B. henselaCat-scratch disease B. henselaCat-scratch disease BrucellaBrucellosis BrucellaBrucellosis The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

Obligate intracellular parasites: Obligate intracellular parasites: Ehrlichia. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia. Tick-borne, ehrlichiosis Rickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers Rickettsia. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers R. prowazekiiEpidemic typhus R. prowazekiiEpidemic typhus R. typhiEndemic murine typhus R. typhiEndemic murine typhus R. rickettsiiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever R. rickettsiiRocky Mountain Spotted Fever The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

Figure 11.1

Wolbachia. Live in insects and other animals Wolbachia. Live in insects and other animals The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

Have prosthecae: Have prosthecae: Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes Caulobacter. Stalked bacteria found in lakes Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes Hyphomicrobium. Budding bacteria found in lakes The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 11.2 & 3

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Azospirillum Azospirillum Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Grow in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants Fix nitrogen Fix nitrogen Rhizobium Rhizobium Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants Fix nitrogen in the roots of plants The  (alpha) Proteobacteria Figure 27.5

Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: Produce acetic acid from ethyl alcohol: Acetobacter Acetobacter Gluconobacter Gluconobacter The  (alpha) Proteobacteria

The  (beta) Proteobacteria

Thiobacillus Thiobacillus Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: H 2 S  SO 4 2– Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur: H 2 S  SO 4 2– Sphaerotilus Sphaerotilus Chemoheterotophic, form sheaths Chemoheterotophic, form sheaths The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.5

Neisseria Neisseria Chemoheterotrophic, cocci Chemoheterotrophic, cocci N. meningitidis N. meningitidis N. gonorrhoeae N. gonorrhoeae Spirillum Spirillum Chemoheterotrophic, helical Chemoheterotrophic, helical The  (beta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.4 & 6

Bordetella Bordetella Chemoheterotrophic, rods Chemoheterotrophic, rods B. pertussis B. pertussis Burkholderia. Nosocomial infections Burkholderia. Nosocomial infections Zoogloea. Slimy masses in aerobic sewage- treatment processes Zoogloea. Slimy masses in aerobic sewage- treatment processes The  (beta) Proteobacteria

The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonas Pseudomonas Opportunistic pathogens Opportunistic pathogens Metabolically diverse Metabolically diverse Polar flagella Polar flagella Azotobacter and Azomonas. Azotobacter and Azomonas. Nitrogen fixing Nitrogen fixing Moraxella. Moraxella. Conjunctivitis Conjunctivitis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.7

Legionellales: Legionellales: Legionella Legionella Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers Found in streams, warm-water pipes, cooling towers L. pneumophilia L. pneumophilia Coxiella Coxiella Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk Q fever transmitted via aerosols or milk The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 24.15b

Vibrionales: Vibrionales: Found in coastal water Found in coastal water Vibrio cholerae causes cholera Vibrio cholerae causes cholera V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis V. parahaemolyticus causes gastroenteritis The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Figure 11.8

The  (gamma) Proteobacteria The  (gamma) Proteobacteria Enterobacteriales (enterics): Enterobacteriales (enterics): Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic Peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic Enterobacter Enterobacter Erwinia Erwinia Escherichia Escherichia Klebsiella Klebsiella Proteus Proteus Salmonella Salmonella Serratia Serratia Shigella Shigella Yersinia Yersinia The  (gamma) Proteobacteria

The  (delta) Proteobacteria

Bdellovibrio. Prey on other bacteria Bdellovibrio. Prey on other bacteria Desulfovibrionales. Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor Desulfovibrionales. Use S instead of O 2 as final electron acceptor Myxococcales. Gliding. Cells aggregate to form myxospores Myxococcales. Gliding. Cells aggregate to form myxospores The  (delta) Proteobacteria

Figure 11.10a

The  (delta) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria

Campylobacter Campylobacter One polar flagellum One polar flagellum Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1a

Helicobacter Helicobacter Multiple flagella Multiple flagella Peptic ulcers Peptic ulcers Stomach cancer Stomach cancer The  (epsilon) Proteobacteria Figure 11.1b

The Nonproteobacteria Gram-Negative Bacteria

Cyanobacteria Oxygenic photosynthesis Oxygenic photosynthesis Gliding motility Gliding motility Fix nitrogen Fix nitrogen

Anoxygenic photosynthesis Anoxygenic photosynthesis Purple and green sulfur bacteria Purple and green sulfur bacteria Purple and Green Photosynthetic Bacteria 2H 2 O + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + O 2 2H 2 S + CO 2 light (CH 2 O) + H 2 O + 2S 0

C. trachomatis C. trachomatis Trachoma Trachoma STD, urethritis STD, urethritis C. pneumoniae C. pneumoniae C. psittaci C. psittaci Causes psittacosis Causes psittacosis Chlamydiae

In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22a

In Bergey's Manual, Volume 5 Figure 11.22b