Chapter 10

Essential Question

I. Jacksonian Democracy North was now run by large factories with hired workers South was run by small personal farms and/or large plantations with slave labor Many believed power was in the hands of the wealthy in both North and South,

Election of 1828 Many democratic reforms – Laws allowed for more white male suffrage – Nominating Conventions were held for party members choose the party’s candidates Jacksonian Democracy: Jackson’s supporters formed the Democratic Party to support his run for President

Election of 1828 Jackson v. Adams Nasty election – lots of making fun of each other Jackson was described as Adams was described Jackson wins –

II. Jackson’s Administration Jackson rewarded his political supporters with government jobs – regions begin to emerge: – North (manufacturing, high tariffs) – South (farming, slaves, low tariffs) – West (cheap land, internal improvements) Tariff of Abominations (1828):

States’ Rights Debate Previous tariffs hurt southern economy – Vice President John Calhoun joined southern protest of the tariff States’ Rights Doctrine: Calhoun resigned from the vice presidency and became senator from South Carolina

Jackson Responds Jackson urged Congress to pass a new tariff in 1832 that lowered the previous rate, but the South, especially South Carolina, thought it did not go far enough South Carolina passed the Nullification Act,

Jackson Responds Jackson requested Congress pass the Force Bill, South Carolina backed down after a compromise was reached by Henry Clay

Jackson v. Bank Although Jackson used federal authority with nullification, he opposed the Bank of the United States because Many believed, especially in the South, the Bank only helped wealthy businessmen – Jackson vetoed the bank renewal in 1832, moved all funds to

Panic of 1837 The state banks offered easy credit to people buying land, but inflation grew Martin Van Buren was elected President in 1836, A severe economic depression hit in 1837 due to Jackson’s economic policies, but Van Buren got the blame

III. Indian Removal Indian Removal Act (1830): Congress established the Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and the Bureau of Indian Affairs to The Cherokee were especially resistant to moving west – even with the Court decision Worcester v. Georgia that stated that only the federal government had authority over Native Americans – Trail of Tears