Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec-

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Naming Hydrocarbons (nomenclature)

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Presentation transcript:

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

C H H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H C H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H C H H C H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H C H H H C H H C H H C H H

C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H H C H H

C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: AlkanesC H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H H C H H H C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C H H C H C HH C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkanes

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo-

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

More Alkane Practice 1. ethane 2. butane 3. hexane 4. hexane 5. cyclohexane 6. 2-methyl hexane 7. 2-methyl hexane 8. 2,3-dimethyl hexane 9. 3,3-dimethyl hexane

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

Naming Alenes and Alkynes 1. C=C 2. C=C-C 3. C=C-C-C 4. C-C=C-C 5. C-C=C=C 6. C=C 7. C-C=C 8. C-C-C=C-C - - -

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Drawing Hydrocarbons: Alkanes 2-methyl butane 4-propyl decane hexane 1,3-dimethyl cyclohexane

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Drawing Hydrocarbons: Alkanes What's wrong with: 1-methyl propane 3-methyl butane 2-propyl pentane

Mini Review: W hat branch of chemistry is concerned with the chemistry of CARBON? How many valence electrons does carbon have? What two elements make up hydrocarbons?

Mini Review: W hat branch of chemistry is concerned with the chemistry of CARBON? How many valence electrons does carbon have? What two elements make up hydrocarbons? What's the name of the molecule illustrated? C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C H H C H C HH C HH

C H H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H C H H H C H C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H H C H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H C H H H C H C H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H H C H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H H C C Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H C H C H H C H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H C C Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H C H H H C H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H C H H H C H C H C H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H H C H C H C H H H C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H C H H C C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H C H H H C H C H C H C H H H C H H H Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

C H H H C H H H C H H C H C H C H H H C H H H H C C H C HH C HH Hydrocarbon prefixes 1C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds = -yne branches = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri Naming Hydrocarbons: Alkenes

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 1. Propane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 2. 2-methyl propane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 3. 2,2-dimethyl propane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 4. 2-methyl butane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 5. 4-propyl decane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 6. 2, 3, 4-trimethyl heptane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 7. 1,3-dimethyl cyclohexane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 8. Ethene

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 9. 1-butene

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 10. propyne

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet butyne

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 12. 1,2-dimethyl cyclopropane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet ethyloctane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 14. hexane

Hydrocarbon Structures Sheet 15. cyclohexane

Structure of hydrocarbons 1. ethane

Structure of hydrocarbons 2. propene

Structure of hydrocarbons 3. 2 butene

Structure of hydrocarbons 4. methane

Structure of hydrocarbons 5. ethyne

Structure of hydrocarbons 6. 3,3 dimethyl pentane

Structure of hydrocarbons 7. 2, 3 dimethyl pentane

Structure of hydrocarbons 8. 2-butyne

Propertues of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes Al kanes, which are saturated with hydrogen, are unreactive. Alkenes, with at lease 1 double bond, are more reactive. Alkynes, with at least 1 triple bond, are very reactive and aren't found naturally.

Fractional distillation

Hydrocarbon prefixes 1 C = meth- 2C = eth- 3C = prop- 4C = but- 5C = pent- 6C = hex- 7C = hept- 8C = oct- 10C = dec- A ring = cyclo- Hydrocarbon suffixes alkane (single C-C bonds) = -ane alkene (double C=C bonds) = -ene alkyne (triple C=C bonds) = -yne branch = -yl If two or more of the same branch: two = di- three = tri- Naming Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon In Class Review.pptx

Attachments Hydrocarbon In Class Review.pptx