Palmer SEC: 85 Essential Question: What made the land war of World War I different from wars of the past?

Fighting started in 1914 and ended in Central Powers = Germany and her allies Allies = the Entente powers Japan allied with Great Britain declared war on Germany in August 1914 Attacked German colonies in China and in the Pacific Started to build their own empire October 1914 Ottomans join the war During the War allies made plans to partition Ottoman territory The War on Land

Germany attacks Belgium and France (August 3, 1914) The War on Land German Divisions 72 French, 5 British, and 6 Belgian Divisions Germans moved fast and it seemed that the Schlieffen plan was working. Russia attacked in the east and Germans had to move troops to East Prussia. (August 26 th ) Germans continued but at a slower pace

Battle of the Marne (September 5 th – 12 th ) Trench Warfare Soldiers could not advance with out heavy artillery fire War becomes a stalemate on the Western Front The War on Land With the German divisions slowed and split the British ordered a counter attack to driving a wedge between the Germans. French held the lines Germans had to retreat Ended the possibility of a quick war. Trenches were dug from the Alps to the Atlantic

The Land War in 1915 The Central Powers focus on Russia and the Eastern Front They are successful and captured over 2 million Russians Russia still continued to fight The Allies Tried to reach Russia through Turkey Battle of Gallipoli Allies attempt to connect with Russia The Turkish army led by Ataturk held off the Allies. Secret Treaty of London Battle of Verdun (February-November 1916) Germans attacked at Verdun General Pétain had fewer troops, most of the allied troops were preparing for the counter attack at the Somme. Both sides lost between 330, ,000 men The War on Land Italy switches sides Italian Irredentism May 1915 opens front against Austria

Battle of Somme (July-October 1916) The War on Land Allies launch a counter attack while Germans are at Verdun The allies tried to push the Germans back by sustained pressure. First day of the attack Britain lost 60,000 men After one week they had advanced 1 mile In a month they had advanced less than 3 miles First use of tank but was seen as ineffective. Total casualties Germans 500,000 British 400,000 French 200,000

Palmer SEC: 85 pt. 2 Essential Question: What events impacted the land war in 1917?

French offensive in Champagne French fail to gain any territory Led to French mutiny within the army that had to be put down by Pétain. June-November British fought the third Battle of Ypres British advance 4 Miles British lost 324,000 men to the Germans 200,000 November-December 1917 Battle of Cambrai Demonstrated how useful tanks could be if used correctly. The British used 381 tanks to break through the German lines. British lacked reserves that prevented the success from being followed up. Italian Front Italians were defeated badly by the combined forces of Germany and Austria However as they fell back they regrouped and prevented an invasion of their homeland. Western Front 1917

Due to stalemate both sides look for support and ways to shift the war in their favor by tampering with nationalism. Germans Zimmerman Telegram January 1917 Tampering in Russia Allies Italy Poland Middle East Diplomatic Maneuvers and Secret Agreements US enters war but by the end of 1917 only one US division is in battle. US did supply allies with war materials. Allow Lenin to make his way through Germany to Russia Secret treaty of London 1915 Promised independence by both sides but GB risked losing Russia Staged Arab Revolt in Arabia against the Ottoman Empire Balfour Declaration 1917

Relocation of Armenians Japan allied with Great Britain declared war on Germany in August 1914 Attacked German colonies in China and in the Pacific Started to build their own empire Diplomatic Maneuvers and Secret Agreements Turkey feared Armenians would work with the invading Russians. They were to be relocated to Palestine Hundreds of thousands were killed

German Expansionist Goals East West African Colonies German Expansionist Goals Lithuania and other parts of the Baltic coast would become dependencies Parts of Poland would be annexed Belgium was to become a German Dependency French Lorraine was to be added to Alsace-Lorraine already taken by Germany Most od central Africa from coast to coast would become German colony

Palmer SEC: 85 pt. 2 Essential Question: How did the war at sea impact the results of World War I?

German success in Pacific and Indian Oceans Great Britain’s Naval Blockade International Law Contraband: Non-contraband: Great Britain ignores international laws Response from the rest of the world US and other countries protest claiming “freedom of the seas” The War at Sea British would stop and search neutral ships heading to Scandinavian and Dutch Ports. US and other neutral countries objected Munitions and raw materials which could be used to make weapons Food stuffs other non-war material. Could be imported event during war

Germans retaliate with submarine warfare Responded to blockade with submarine warfare February 1915 unrestricted submarine warfare The War at Sea 1200 people died (120 Americans) It was caring weapons to Britain Germans had warned Americans not to get on ships Wilson said another attack would be seen as hostile Germans end unrestricted submarine warfare for two years All allied vessels would be sunk Neutral vessels would be in danger Lusitania May 7 th 1915

Battle of Jutland May 1916 January 1917 Unrestricted submarine warfare Due to effectiveness of the blockade Germans are forced to attack enemy and neutral ships. Germans were extremely successful Convoy system and the entrance into the war saved Britain. The War at Sea Only time during the war that the main battle-fleets engaged each other. Germans tried to lure part of the British fleet from their base. More British ships came than the Germans anticipated. Germans retreated, British were still dominated the seas Germans lost 11 ships, the British lost 14