Genetic and somatic effects from internal exposure to man-made radionuclides Dr Chris Busby PhD University of Liverpool

Summary of argument Childhood cancer caused by human internal exposure to novel man-made radioactive isotopes e.g. Sr-90, Pu-239 Error in ICRP risk model due to averaging of doses over large tissue masses Nuclear site (e.g.Sellafield, La Hague, Dounreay) leukemia clusters require error in ICRP model of fold. Increases in infant leukemia after Chernobyl demonstrate error of in ICRP risk models. Consequenses for children and adults living near Irish Sea, or other radioactive contamination.

ICRP phantom

Depleted uranium particle doses

Infant mortality in Wales

The “Nordic” leukaemia study

Danish leukaemia age 0 – 4 from Clemmensen data

Childhood leukaemia with distance from La Hague

Errors in ICRP model

Whole body Caesium trends

Childhood cancer in Wales by distance from Irish Sea (km)

Childhood leukaemia

HTV: Y Byd ar Bedwar, Feb 10, 2004 Cansyrs Plant (childhood cancer) Tweli Griffiths, Linda Parry, Chris Busby The discoveries by HTV define the existence of a childhood leukemia and brain tumour cluster in the Menai Strait coastal area of north Wales, more serious and more statistically significant than the Seascale (Sellafield) cluster discovered by Yorkshire TV in From , 21-fold excess child leukaemia in Caernarfon ages 0- 4; (3 cases, 0.1 expected, p = ) and 6 leukaemia cases in the 34 wards adjacent the contaminated Menai Strait, RR = 7.8 (p = ) From , 18-fold excess brain and spinal tumour rate in ages 0-14 in Caernarfon (5 cases; p = ) and 9 cases in the 34 Menai wards (RR=5.4, p = )

Table 2 Cancer cases from interviews in North West Wales (from snowball interviews by HTV reporter) Note: ALL = Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML = Acute myeloid leukaemia; NHL = non Hodgkin lymphoma Table 2 Cancer cases from interviews in North West Wales (from snowball interviews by HTV reporter) Note: ALL = Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML = Acute myeloid leukaemia; NHL = non Hodgkin lymphoma Table 2 Cancer cases from interviews in North West Wales (from snowball interviews by HTV reporter) Name sexBornDiagnos ed Age at diag Area A = Anglesey Cancer Kiaraf00032LlanfairPG (A)ALL Markm860215Boddffordd (A)Hodgkins Lym. Terrym99001Beaumaris (A)ALL Yazief90933Bermo (Tywyn)Brain Alexm900313Amlwch (A)NHL Robertm99023Caernarfon, WaunfawrALL Chloef870315Menai Br (A)Brain Katief99033CaernarfonRetinoblastoma Leem880214Valley (A)Brain Lowrif98002CaernarfonALL Sarahf870114Llandegfan (A)Hodgkins Lym. Rheinalf879912CricciethALL Lukem95994Amlwch (A)AML Danielm850114Gaerwen (A)Brain Cantreyf98991Beaumaris (A)Brain Aledm99034CaernarfonALL Garethm90988CricciethALL Llinosf879912Llangefni (A)Ovary Maxm900211Treaddur (A)ALL Rhysm98024DeiniolenALL Cemlynm890213LlanllechidALL Chelseaf00033AberdaronBrain Ryanm89912CricciethBrain Ruthf84016CaernarfonBrain Lee tomosm88968CaernarfonBrain Amyf98024CaernarfonBrain neuroblastoma Note: ALL = Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, AML = Acute myeloid leukaemia; NHL = non Hodgkin lymphoma

Conclusions The ICRP model for internal exposure to anthropogenic radiation is unsafe. Radioactive pollution from atmospheric weapons tests caused, genetic damage and infant mortality and is the cause of the present cancer epidemic. Living near contaminated intertidal marine sediment carries significant cancer risk. The increases in childhood cancer and leukaemia are largely caused by internal exposure to man- made radioactive substances.

Leukaemia & radium production

Low-dose internal radiation exposure and health Scientific Secretary: European Committee on Radiation Risk: Scientific Advisor: Low Level Radiation Campaign: Green Audit: UK Department of Health: Committee Examining Radiation Risk from Internal Emitters: UK Ministry of Defence: Depleted Uranium Oversight Board:

Biphasic dose response

Childhood cancers 0 – 4 yrs

Hiroshima dose response I

Hiroshima dose response II

Fallout doses and subsequent cancer

Nuclear industry family study

Childhood leukaemia in Nordic Study and in Denmark (Olsen)

Plutonium in autopsy specimens

Plutonium across the UK

Predicted leukaemia in infants after Chernobyl

Infant leukaemia after Chernobyl

Leukaemia risk in Chernobyl infants

Chernobyl and low birthweight

Plutonium in teeth

Fallout and childhood leukaemia in England and Wales

Brain tumours in children

Leukaemia in Wales 1974 – 89 by distance from Irish Sea

Childhood cancers 0-4 yrs

Effect of the Nevada tests