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UNCLASSIFIED Transport of Radionuclides to the Rio Grande Bruce Gallaher Middle Rio Grande Water Quality Summit October 25, 2004 LA-UR-04-7342.

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Presentation on theme: "UNCLASSIFIED Transport of Radionuclides to the Rio Grande Bruce Gallaher Middle Rio Grande Water Quality Summit October 25, 2004 LA-UR-04-7342."— Presentation transcript:

1 UNCLASSIFIED Transport of Radionuclides to the Rio Grande Bruce Gallaher gallaher@lanl.gov Middle Rio Grande Water Quality Summit October 25, 2004 LA-UR-04-7342

2 UNCLASSIFIED LANL Monitoring History Regular LANL testing of Rio Grande sediments started in 1970s Emphasis on radioactivity –Longer-lived isotopes ( 241 Am, 137 Cs, 238 Pu, 239 Pu, 90 Sr, Uranium) Less water column testing Complemented by fish testing LA-UR-04-7342

3 UNCLASSIFIED Monitoring Stations LA-UR-04-7342

4 UNCLASSIFIED Sources of Radioactivity in Rio Grande World-wide fallout Natural uranium Old Manhattan Project Site (mostly 239 Pu) –Traced 40+ km from site into Rio Grande and Cochiti Reservoir LA-UR-04-7342

5 UNCLASSIFIED Concentrations in Rio Grande Influenced Largely by Sediment Loads Source: Graf 1994 Flow diagram for the annual budget for suspended sediment in the northern and middle Rio Grande LA-UR-04-7342

6 UNCLASSIFIED Cerro Grande Fire Accelerated Transport of Radioactivity –Fallout 137 Cs and 90 Sr in ash –Old Manhattan Project 239 Pu Source: Gallaher and Koch, 2004 LA-UR-04-7342

7 UNCLASSIFIED Trends in Cochiti Reservoir Sediments Cesium-137Plutonium-239,240 Background Limit LA-UR-04-7342

8 UNCLASSIFIED Human Health Risks Three separate teams assessed combined risks to post-fire users of Rio Grande –Over 100 chemicals and radioactive substances studied –Drinking water and eating fish primary exposure ( 137 Cs, RDX, benzo(a)pryene) Conclusions –Risks within EPA acceptable levels –Below international radiological dose guides –Not significantly higher than pre-fire risk levels LA-UR-04-7342

9 UNCLASSIFIED Risks to Aquatic Organisms No known detailed studies of radiological impacts on Rio Grande aquatic populations We can estimate risks –Screening values –Whole effluent toxicity tests –Fish tissue analyses –NMED/FWS Intensive Surveys, etc. LA-UR-04-7342

10 UNCLASSIFIED Estimate Radioactivity Risk To Aquatic Organisms We assembled concentration data for 9 key radionuclides for Rio water and sediment –25 to 60 results for each radionuclide since 1990 Compared data to DOE screen values –DOE Biota Concentration Guides (DOE-STD-1153-2002) –Based on dose exposure of < 1 rad/d –Deleterious effects in aquatic populations not expected below this dose All results below the screening values LA-UR-04-7342

11 UNCLASSIFIED Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing No tests on Rio Grande waters LANL/NMED tested Los Alamos surface waters for one year after fire No acute toxicity Two of 15 samples showed chronic toxicity (ash-ladened samples.) Daphnia Fat head minnow LA-UR-04-7342

12 UNCLASSIFIED Summary Probably already have seen highest concentrations in Rio Grande Long-term radionuclide concentrations in Rio Grande should stabilize near or slightly above fallout or natural levels For human health, rad concentrations within EPA acceptable levels For aquatic organisms, rad concentrations below DOE screening values No tests of rad toxicity in Rio Grande on aquatics LA-UR-04-7342

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