Organic Nomenclature

Root Words: Prefixes Methyl Methyl Ethyl Ethyl Propyl Propyl Butyl Butyl Pent Pent Hex Hex Hept Hept Oct Oct Nona Nona

Root Words: Middlexes and Suffixes -ane -ane -ene -ene -yne -yne -ol -ol -ic acid -ic acid -aldehyde -aldehyde -ketone -ketone -ester -ester -amine -amine cylco- cylco-

Rules: Number the longest carbon chain. Number the longest carbon chain. Use numbers to denote where a substituent group is located. Use numbers to denote where a substituent group is located. Use root words to describe the substituents. Use root words to describe the substituents. If a double/triple bond is present, use the number of the starting carbon. If a double/triple bond is present, use the number of the starting carbon. Add the ending that describes the functional group present. Add the ending that describes the functional group present.

Organic Reactions Extra simplified for Intro level…you’ll get more in actual Organic 1 and 2 in college. Extra simplified for Intro level…you’ll get more in actual Organic 1 and 2 in college. 6 basic types: 6 basic types: SubstitutionCombustion Addition Oxidation EsterificationPolymerization

Substitution This is like a double replacement type reaction. This is like a double replacement type reaction. Halogen replaces a hydrogen/ hydrogen replaces a halogen Halogen replaces a hydrogen/ hydrogen replaces a halogen

Addition This is like synthesis type reactions This is like synthesis type reactions Halogens glom onto alkene, as double bond opens Halogens glom onto alkene, as double bond opens

Esterification Essentially a dehydration reaction (water comes off, rest of molecules link up) Essentially a dehydration reaction (water comes off, rest of molecules link up)

Combustion One of the basic general chem type reactions. One of the basic general chem type reactions.

Oxidation Organic Oxidation is simple…add a bond to oxygen! Organic Oxidation is simple…add a bond to oxygen! Needs a source of oxygen (O 2, O 3, KMnO 4, etc) Needs a source of oxygen (O 2, O 3, KMnO 4, etc) Organic Reduction takes away a bond to oxygen! Organic Reduction takes away a bond to oxygen! Needs something that can take oxygen! (H 2, etc) Needs something that can take oxygen! (H 2, etc)

Polymerization Links small molecules together. Two types: Links small molecules together. Two types: Addition Addition Condensation Condensation