The Dutch Establish New Netherland: – Built New Amsterdam, city, at the tip of Manhattan Island in – The city of New Amsterdam, because of its location on the Atlantic coast, it served as the colony’s largest town, major seaport, and government headquarters.

The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Government in New Netherland: – Governor was APPOINTED by the Dutch West Indian Company, as were an advisory council of leading colonists; – Did NOT permit an elected assembly; – Run by AUTHORITARIAN governors; – TOLERATED religious differences

The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Push-and-Pull Factors: – Why were Europeans not going to New Netherland? Push factors – motivate people to leave their home countries – escape religious persecution Pull factors – attract people to a new location – promise of better life and fertile soil.

The Dutch Establish New Netherland: Push-and-Pull Factors: The Dutch did not immigrate to the Americas because things were good at home; However, in England things were bad economically so they immigrated to the Americas

The English Conquest: – Because New Netherland did not have a lot of people, they suffered when the English attacked and the English took over.

The English Conquest: New York Becomes an English Colony: – New Amsterdam becomes the city of New York; – Victory secured the mid-Atlantic coast for the English – New Jersey is added to the Middle Colonies

William Penn Founds Pennsylvania: – Penn embraced the Quaker faith, a radical form of Protestantism; – Penn was different than most Quakers because he was wealthy; most Quakers distrusted the rich and powerful

Quaker Beliefs: – Seek “Inner Light” to understand the Bible; – Did not have clergy, and considered women spiritually equal to men; – Both men and women were leaders for meetings; – Quakers are pacifists, refused to carry weapons; – Tolerated other faiths; – UNLIKE Puritan Massachusetts, Pennsylvania would have no privileged church with tax support.

Pennsylvania Prospers: – Pennsylvania means “Penn’s Woods.” – Philadelphia is capital; – Colonists prospered because of temperate climate, fertile soil, and a navigable river; – Like New England Puritans, but unlike the Chesapeake colonists, most early Pennsylvanians came in freedom as families of middle-class means; – Most were Quakers – Peace with Native Americans

Diversity in the Middle Colonies: – Developed ethnic and religious diversity greater than either the Chesapeake area or New England ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS PLURALISM – The Middle Colonies included: Dutch, Swedes, Finns, French Protestants, Germans, Norwegians, and Scots – as well as English – Many different faiths were practiced in the middle colonies;