CS : NLP, Speech and Web-Topics-in-AI Pushpak Bhattacharyya CSE Dept., IIT Bombay Lecture 35: Semantic Relations; UNL; Towards Dependency Parsing
2 Web at a glance Google indexes more than 8 billion pages Dominated by English Large part of world is deprived of this knowledge
3 Search Engines Today Keyword based Irrelevant results Meaning not taken into account Language specific No search possible across language No translation possible
4 Future of the World Wide Web WWW User Translation interface User Translation interface
5 Features Meaning based More relevant results Multilingual Query in English Fetch document in Hindi Show it in English
6 Machine Translation Translate from one language to other Two approaches Direct One step Using Intermediate language Two step
7 Interlingua Intermediate language for machine translation Step one Convert from source language text to interlingua Step two Produce target langauge text from interlingua UNL : an interlingua in UNL system
8 Internet for the Masses Internet Spanish interface English viewer Hindi viewer English interface Spanish viewer Hindi interface
9 A Semantic Graph in: modifier a: indefinite the: definite student past tense agent bought object time computer new June modifier The student bought a new computer in June.
10 UNL representation Ram is reading the newspaper Representation of Knowledge
11 Knowledge Representation Ram read newspaper agt obj UNL Graph - relations
12 Knowledge Representation Ram(iof>person) read(icl>interpret) newspaper(icl>print_media) UNL Graph - UWs agt obj
13 Knowledge Representation Ram(iof>person) read(icl>interpret) Ram is reading the newspaper UNL graph - attributes agt obj
14 The boy who works here went to school plt past school(icl>institution) go(icl>move) boy(icl>person ) work(icl>do ) entry agt plc :01 Another Example
15 UNL System
16 The World-wide Universal Networking Language (UNL) Project UNL English Russian Japanese Hindi Spanish Language independent meaning representation. Marathi
17 The UNL System: An Overview
18 Universal Networking Language Universal Words (UWs) Relations Attributes Knowledge Base
19 UNL Graph obj past minister(icl>person) forward(icl>send) mail(icl>collection ) gol He forwarded the mail to the minister.
20 UNL Expression agt past, he(icl>person)) obj past, minister(icl>person)) gol (forward(icl>send past,