1. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre1 The Universal Networking Language United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies United Networking Language ® UNU/IAS

2. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre2 What is the Universal Networking Language(UNL)? Common language for computers to express information written in natural language Application: Electronic language to overcome language barrier Information Distribution System

3. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre3 The UNL System 1) UNL(Universal Networking Language) Dictionary of Universal Words, Relation, Attribute, Knowledge Base 2) Language Server i) Deconverter （ Language Generation System ） Software(IAS) Generation Rule, Dictionary(each language) ii) Enconverter （ UNL Generation System ） Software(IAS) Analysis Rule, Dictionaries(each language) 3) ToolsUNL Viewer UNL Editor

4. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre4 Language Server B UNL Spanish Internet Web Page Contents UNL The UNL System UNL Editor Internet Language Server A UNL Arabic enconverter deconverter Arabic Spanish UNL Viewer UNL Proxy

5. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre5 The Idea Behind UNL System To create documents in UNL and make conversion to natural language with high level of accuracy Own native language may be used to create the UNL expression Avoids core problems with existing machine translation e.g. 9900 systems needed for 100 languages Language analysis

6. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre6 UNL Artificial language (Semantic Network) Consists of Universal Words, Relation, Attribute, Knowledge Base A hyper graph A node represents a concept An arc represents a relation Ex) A dog runs. run—agt  dog

7. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre7 UNL Ex) A monkey eats bananas. eat—agt  monkey eat—obj  banana a ｇｔ (eat(icl>do).@present@entry, monkey(icl>animal)) obj(eat(icl>do).@present@entry, banana(icl>food).@pl)

8. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre8 buildbegun tower long agopeople seemedreach heaven huge Long ago, in the city of Babylon, the people begun to build a huge tower, which seemed about to reach the heavens. tim agt agt aoj plc obj obj gol obj obj Babylon city mod obj

9. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre9 Universal Word Vocabulary of the UNL A UW represents a concept 1) Basic UW 2) Restricted UW ex) spring(icl>tool) spring(icl>season)

10. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre10 Relation constitutes the syntax of the UNL. Expresses how concepts(UW) constitutes a sentence related each other About 50 relations agt, aoj, cag, cob, gol, man, obj, plc, src, tim,…

11. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre11 Attribute Constitutes syntax of the UNL Expresses the evaluation of the speaker for the concepts(sentence). Constitutes syntax of the UNL Tense, aspect, mode, etc.

12. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre12 UNL Knowledge Base Define every possible relations between concepts(Uws). UW system is introduced for: 1) to generate a word when a concept is not included in a language 2) reduce KB entries which can be deductively inferred Categorized according to the role of concept to other concepts.

13. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre13 UNL Knowledge Base Ex) dog—icl  animal bite—agt  dog eat—obj  food

14. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre14 Deconverter Language independent generator. Syntactic and morphological generation. Knowledge base-based word generation Co-occurrence-based word selection.

15. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre15 Enconverter Language independent parser. Morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis is performed synchronously. Knowledge base(Co-occurrence)-based disambiguation.

16. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre16 UNL Development Set 1) DeConverter 2) EnConverter 3) Dictionary System 4) UNL Verifier Further provides the mechanism for the development of new domains for each language. The conversion system from UNL to a language and vice versa are developed using these software and tools.

17. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre17 UNL-Language Dictionary Defines the link between a word of a language and a UW. Defines grammatical features when a word express a concept(UW).

18. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre18 UNL Editor Make UNL document in their own languages. Automatic Tagged(annotated) input. Word by word. Correctness is verified by generating language text from produced UNL expression

19. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre19 Language Covered 6 UN official Languages. Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Spanish, Russian Other languages German, Greek, Hindi, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Mongol, Latvia, Portuguese, Thai

20. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre20 Where are we and What Does UNL Offer Now? Finished basic development for 15 languages and technology is ready to develop new domains UNL Development Set is available from us that contains Enconverter and Deconverter Software and other tools to add new languages and new domains Developers of existing machine translation software may connect to UNL system to have conversion capabilities to all other languages

21. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre21 Who can work with UNL? UNL welcomes individuals and organizations. Collaboration with the academic community and industry desired to further develop the UNL system Corporate sponsorship welcome.

22. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre22 Open Policy UNL (system) should be developed by all the people in the world. We will open: UNL specifications Universal Word Dictionary Format of UNL-Language dictionary Format of Deconversion rule System interface

23. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre23 Universal Words and Knowledge Base Gates FOR USERS ä UW Gate allows users to check existing universal words and their equivalents in natural language ä KB Gate allows users to to check relationships established between concepts FOR DEVELOPERS ä Can modify and add UWs and KB entries once given access

24. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre24 What we expect to be developed by people in the world UNL (system) should be developed by all the people in the world. Univesal words necessary for each language Language Servers for new languages and new domains

25. 11/23/00UNU/IAS/UNL Centre25 What we expect to be developed by people in the world Application systems such as: Information Retrieval System Search Engines Browsers Editors/Word Processors Machine translation Systems