POSTPRODUCTIONS EDITING Pertemuan 10 Matakuliah: O0382 – Dasar-dasar Produksi Siaran Televisi Tahun: 2010

How Postproduction Editing Works (1/2) The basic editing functions are to combine, shorten, correct and build. The editing features, techniques, and process will mainly be determined by the systems the production used whether it applies the linear or non- linear system during production. The following aspects will be the complete discussion on postproduction editing: (1) editing modes: off-and on-line, (2) basic editing systems, (3) linear editing systems, (4) control track and time code editing, (5) linear editing features and techniques, (6) AB rolling and AB-roll editing, (7) nonlinear editing systems, (8) nonlinear editing features and techniques, (9) pre-editing phases. 3

How Postproduction Editing Works (2/2) Editing Modes: Off- and On-Line The 2 (two) basic editing modes are off-line and on-line. The off-line mode or also called the rough-cut allows you to put the shots together to get a rough idea of what the edited program will look like. The result of the off-line mode editing will not be shown on the air; therefore, the off-line editing is often conducted with low-quality and cheap equipment. As the on-line mode, the tape is assembled in the final version. This mode is applied when you are editing a news story that is to go on the air in a few minutes; therefore, the high-quality tape-based or disk-based system is highly required. Basic Editing Systems Regardless of whether the information is analog or digital, the basic editing systems are (1) linear system, and (2) non-linear system. 4

Linear Editing System (1/4) Linear Editing System All tape-base linear editing systems work on the same basic principle. The different tape-based systems fall into three categories: The-single source system Also called the cuts-only editing system is a basic system that has only one VTR supplying the material to be edited. The expanded single-source system 5

Linear Editing System (2/4) Multiple-source system The tape-based multiple-source editing system consists of two or more source VTRs, a single record VTR, and a computer-assisted edit controller. This system include an audio mixer, a switcher, and special-effect equipment. The most advantages of this system are: (1) it can facilitate a great variety of transitions and allow the mixing of audio tracks from two or more source tapes, and (2) the arrangement of all even numbers for the source A VTR and all odd numbers for B VTR can be made possible. Control Track and Time Code Editing The control track (pulse-count) system count the control track pulses and translates this into elapsed time and frame numbers. 6

Linear Editing System (3/4) Linear Editing Features and Techniques In most professional VTRs the equipment would allow the switching between two major editing modes: Assemble editing In assemble editing, the system will erase the previous version of what is on the tape (video, audio, control and address tracks) and replace it with the most current version. The advantage of assemble editing is that the system is fast Insert editing In the insert editing mode, the source material is transferred without its control track and placed according to the prerecorded continuous control track of the edit master tape. 7

Linear Editing System (4/4) AB Rolling and AB-Roll Editing AB rolling editing is similar to cutting between two cameras in a live production, except that the video sources feeding into the switchers are not cameras but two VTRs. As with AB-roll editing, it is similar to AB-rolling editing only that the editing decisions are executed by the edit controller rather than with the switcher. Below is the chart of AB rolling editing system. 8 Source VTR 1 Source VTR 2 Audio MixerVideo SwitcherRecord VTR

Non-Linear Editing Systems (1/2) Non-Linear Editing Systems Basic non-linear editing systems depend on highly improved computer equipment. The systems will be of much efficient if supported with improved hardware, software, and compression methods and combined with high-capacity hard disks and optical disks, desktop software can produce high-quality video and CD-quality audio during editing process. The controls for non-linear systems come in various configuration: the utilization of standard computer keyboard and mouse the stimulation of film controls in an attempt to lure hard-core film editors to the world of nonlinear editing can be linked as networks for sharing video and audio data files, for audio sweetening or for sending rough-cuts (off-line edited programs) to a client for final approval. The following section will be the discussion on non-linear editing features and techniques. 9

Non-Linear Editing Systems (2/2) Non-Linear Editing Features and Techniques There are common features and techniques to all non-linear systems: Capturing, compressing, and storing information capturing is the process of obtaining the analog or digital video and audio information into the computer. Compressing is the process of ‘saving’ memory by either keep the previous files in the memory or absolutely keep the files out of the memory. Storing is the process of keeping files on videotape or hard disk. Juxtaposing and rearranging the video and audio files. It is the process of recalling and keeping video and audio files from the computer hard disk. 10

Pre-editing Phases The pre-editing phases include: the shooting phase: the shooting phase is the most predetermined aspect in editing phase. the review phase: it is important to have copies off all source tapes so the original source tape can be preserved for the actual editing while reviewing the tape copies. the decision-making phase: the decision-making phase involves the selection and sequencing of shots within the context of the total story and communication purpose. the operational phase: this phase includes checking the tape after editing, keep the tapes in a safe place, storing the tapes of a specific scene into one file so that it will be easier to visualize where things are and to call up the various shots. 11